女性单侧负重步态的躯干和骨盆运动学特征研究

The Kinematic Characteristics of Trunk and Pelvis in Women Walking with Unilateral Loading

目的:研究女性单侧负重行走时躯干和骨盆的运动特征,探讨不同单侧负重方式和重量步行时躯干和骨盆稳定控制机理,为分析女性单侧负重行走时可能出现的腰背损伤提供依据。方法:16名健康女性分别在单肩背包、前臂挂包和单手拎包3种负重方式下以自身体重的0%、5%、10%和15%4种负重重量行走,使用Motion红外光点运动捕捉系统采集躯干和骨盆姿态。结果:行走中右侧负重重量的增加,显著增加了躯干的前倾角度、左倾角度、右旋角度、骨盆的前倾角度、左倾角度、左旋角度,显著减小了骨盆的左右倾幅度和旋转幅度;当负重重量达到10%BW时,骨盆的前后倾幅度较0%BW大;当负重重量达到15%BW时,躯干的左右倾幅度较0%BW大;前臂挂包和手拎包行走时躯干的左旋角度的最大值、最小值显著小于单肩背包。结论:单侧负重行走时,躯干向对侧倾斜增大、向同侧旋转增大,骨盆向对侧倾斜增大、向对侧旋转增大,从而保持步行的稳定性;负重重量达10%BW时,对骨盆旋转产生较大限制,达15%BW时,显著增加躯干左右晃动幅度,降低躯干的稳定性;不同单侧负重方式,躯干和骨盆的旋转表现出了不同的代偿反应。

Objective:To investigate the effects of unilateral loading on kinematics characteristics of trunk and pelvis in women walking and explore the stability control mechanism of trunk and pelvis under different loading conditions.This study can provide basis for the analysis of low back pain in women walking with unilateral loading.Method:Sixteen healthy women walked under following conditions:carrying a bag on the right shoulder,on the right forearm and by the right hand with a loading of 0%,5%,10%and 15%of the subjects’weight.The trunk and pelvis movements were collected by using infrared highspeed motion capture system.Results:The increasing loading on the right side significantly increased the trunk forward tilt angle,trunk left tilt angle,trunk right rotation angle,pelvis forward tilt angle,pelvis left tilt angle and pelvis left rotation angle,and decreased pelvis lateral tilt amplitude and pelvis rotation amplitude.Carrying the bag on the forearm or hand make the pelvis left rotation angle smaller than carrying the bag on the shoulder.Conclusions:With the unilateral loading,the human body increases trunk tilt to contralateral side,trunk rotation to the ipsilateral side,pelvis tilt to contralateral side and pelvis rotation to the contralateral side to keep walking stability.A 10%BW unilateral load resulted in greatly pelvis rotation limitation.A 15%BW unilateral load increased the trunk frontal range of motion.The rotation of the trunk and pelvis showed different compensatory responses in different unilateral loading ways.