论体育赛事节目的法律性质——兼评新浪诉天盈九州体育赛事转播案终审判决

On the Legal Nature of Sports Programs:And a Review of the Final Judgment of the Sports Events Broadcasting Case of Sina v.Tian Yin Jiu Zhou

无论是在理论界还是实务界,对体育赛事节目法律性质的认定都存在严重的分歧。根据独创性的基本原理以及著作权/邻接权二元立法模式存在的问题,综合《伯尔尼公约》、美国法、欧盟法有关体育赛事节目法律性质的规定,我国立法对体育赛事节目在创造性程度上的要求不应过高。体育赛事节目只要达到最低限度的创造性程度,就应当构成作品,归入"以类似摄制电影的方法创作的作品"这一类别受《著作权法》保护。北京市知识产权法院作出的新浪诉天盈九州案终审判决否定了体育赛事节目的作品属性,是对我国《著作权法》的机械适用,不仅存在法律解释和适用上的问题,同时也与目前世界各国将视听成果纳入作品范围予以著作权保护的趋势背道而驰。此外,体育赛事节目的《反不正当竞争法》保护路径看似"一劳永逸",实则其作用具有局限性,应当审慎适用。

In both theoretical and practical field,there are significant differences in the determination of the legal nature of sports programs.According to the basic principle of originality and problems about copyright/neighboring rights binary legislative mode,considering together the Berne Convention,the United States,the European Union law regulations on legal nature of the sports programs,China’s legislation of sports programs in the creative degree requirements should not be too high.As long as the sports program reaches the minimum level of creativity,it shall constitute a work and shall be protected by the copyright law in the category of"works created by virtue of the analogous method of film production".The Beijing intellectual property court’s final judgment on the Sina v.Tian Yin Jiu Zhou case dismissed the work properties about sports programs,there is the problem on the legal interpretation and application,is the too rigid application about Copyright Law of China,at the same time also run in the opposite direction with the trend about countries all over the world that included the audio visual outcome in the scope of works and with the copyright protection.In addition,the protection path of The Anti-Unfair Competition Law of sports programs seems to be once and for all,but there are great hidden dangers,but its role is limited which should be applied cautiously.