2018~2019年北海市风疹疑似病例实验室检测结果分析

Analysis of laboratory test results of suspected rubella cases in Beihai from 2018 to 2019

目的分析2018~2019年北海市风疹疑似病例的实验室检测结果,了解北海市风疹的流行病学特征。方法收集2018~2019年北海市风疹疑似病例的血清和咽拭子标本,采用ELISA及实时荧光RT-PCR方法分别检测RV IgM抗体和RV核酸。结果共检测风疹疑似病例153例,阳性率为58.17%(89/153),不同年份之间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=92.72,P<0.05),2018年风疹发病高峰期是3~5月,2019年是3~4月,发病年龄分布以青少年为主,其中育龄女性的阳性率高达87.50%(21/24)。结论北海市2~3年内风疹流行的概率较低,需重点关注青少年等易感人群,尤其是育龄女性;针对上述易感人群,建议加强接种风疹类疫苗,以降低RV风疹流行的风险。

Objective To analyze the laboratory detection results of suspected rubella cases in Beihai from 2018 to 2019,so as to find out the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Beihai.Methods Serum and throat swab specimens of suspected rubella cases from 2018 to 2019 were collected,and ELISA and real-time RT-PCR were used to detect RV IgM antibodies and RV nucleic acids,respectively.Results A total of 153 suspected rubella cases were detected,the positive rate was 58.17%(89/153),and difference was statistically significant between different years(χ~2=92.72,P<0.05).The peak incidence of rubella was from March to May in 2018,and from March to April in 2019.The age distribution of rubella was dominated by adolescents,among which the positive rate of women of childbearing age was as high as 87.50%(21/24).Conclusion The prevalence of rubella is low in Beihai within 2-3 years.It is necessary to pay more attention to the groups such as adolescents,especially women of childbearing age.It is suggested to strengthen the vaccination of rubella vaccine for above-mentioned susceptible groups to reduce the risk of RV rubella epidemic.