“算法推送”与网络服务提供者共同侵权认定规则

Information Push Algorithms and ISP’s Contributory Infringement

算法推送技术在网络平台上的应用,是基于网络用户的历史选择记录来发现并向其推送个性化信息。如果网络用户的选择偏好正好涉及受著作权保护的作品时,就可能出现网络服务提供者共同侵权责任的认定问题。在此类共同侵权的判定上,对网络服务提供者是否存在主观过错上的"应知",应从"积极行为"和"消极行为"两个角度认定。在"积极行为"领域,鉴于"算法推送"在运行中具有个性化和私密性,个性化推送不应视为统一化的"主动编辑"或"设置榜单"行为。在"消极行为"领域,由于算法无法根据个案区分侵权与合理使用的差别,如果算法过滤的成功率和网络服务提供者的应知认定相关联,那么,将导致技术越先进的网络服务提供者反而承担更重的注意义务,新兴商业模式将遭到破坏。

Push algorithms has been widely adopted by Internet service providers for analyzing the preference of users and sending specific information that they want by message flow, but there are illegal works or fragments which are inevitably provided. For judging whether there is "should know" in ISP’s behavior, positive acts and negative acts should be considered when recommended algorithms is being adopted. As the information is specifically provided for individuals by push algorithms, there is no public offering or ranking in that situation. Meanwhile, as push algorithms cannot discriminate legal fair use with infringement acts, it cannot be considered as an improvement of the ability of information management.