敏捷课程开发的缘起、特征与模式

The Origin,Characteristics,and Models of the Development of Agile Curriculum

敏捷课程开发是近年来兴起的新课程设计理念,很受国内外培训界青睐与推崇。然而,与实践形成鲜明对比的是,国内学界对它并不敏感,缺乏应有的探索与研究。为理解敏捷课程开发的核心思想,对后续研究与实践有所启示,本文从缘起、内涵、特征、优势、典型模式以及应用前景和面临挑战等方面作了详细分析与阐述。研究指出:敏捷课程开发兴起受敏捷软件开发运动、ISD批判思潮、互联网发展、企业变革加速等多方面因素驱动,其本质上是ADDIE的精简化;敏捷课程开发具有团队共创、情境聚焦、样图设计、小而精、迭代、草根化等显著特点,具备速度快、灵活可变、低成本与低风险、按需设计等独特优势;SAM、FDD、PODSIR、AM-OER以及京东模型是五种典型模式。尽管敏捷课程开发在教师培训课程开发、创客与STEM教材设计、校本资源库建设等领域具有较广泛的应用空间,但同时也面临着课程完整度低、教师能力不足、成本与效益无法兼顾等挑战。

The development of agile curriculum is a new idea of curriculum design rising in recent years,and has won a deep favor and held in esteem in the training circle at home and abroad.However,in sharp contrast to practice,domestic educational circles are not sensitive to it,and lack of corresponding exploration and research.In order to understand the core ideas of agile curriculum development and give enlightenment to the subsequent research and practice,this paper has done a detailed analysis and explanation to the following aspects,namely,origin,connotation,characteristics,advantages,typical module,application prospects and challenges ahead.This research has pointed out that the rising of agile curriculum development is motivated by several elements,like agile software development campaign,ISD critical thoughts,Internet development,the speeding up of enterprise change,etc.,with its essence being streamlining of ADDIE;agile curriculum development possesses obvious characteristics of team co-creation,situational focus,sample drawing design,smallness and fineness,iteration,and grassroots,etc.,and distinctive advantages like high speed,flexibility and changeability,low cost and adventure,and design on demand;SAM,FDD,PODSIR,AM-OER and Jingdong module are five typical modules.Although agile curriculum development has a rather wide space application in the fields like the development of teachers training curriculum,maker and STEM textbook design,and construction of school-based teaching and research library,etc.,at the same time,it faces challenges like course completeness,teachers capability,and cost-benefit balance,etc.