论全国人大常委会的基本法律修改权

On the Power of the NPC Standing Committee to Amend the Basic Laws

全国人大常委会的基本法律修改权起源于全国人大的授权决议,由我国现行宪法所正式确立,后在我国《立法法》上予以重述。该权力经历了从无到有、从授权到职权、从赋权到限权的演进过程,主要原因在于全国人大立法能力不足、全国人大常委会修法优势明显、有宪法约束机制作为保障和防范全国人大常委会修法失当。该权力面临“部分”、“补充和修改”、“不得同该法律的基本原则相抵触”表述的模糊配置困境,也存在修改时机、修改幅度、修改频度方面的行使失范现象。学界关于该权力优化的废权说、释权说、限权说和扩权说等观点,在不同层面都存在着局限性。根据该权力定位上的从属性、文本上的依附性、功能上的补充性和约束上的有限性特点,可以构建出二阶次拆分和四环节递进相结合的“控权说”规范方案。

The power of the NPC Standing Committee to amend the basic laws is originated from the NPC's authorization decision formally established by the current Constitution and restated in the Legislation Law.The power has gone through the evolution process from zero to one authorization to authority empowerment to power limitation.The main reasons include the insufficient legislative capacity of NPC the advantages of NPC Standing Committee in amending laws the guarantee of constitutional restraint mechanism and the prevention from risks of the NPC Standing Committee in amending laws.The power faces a predicament of ambiguous configuration expressed by"partial""supplement and amend"and"not in conflict with the basic principles of the law"and the anomie in its exercise due to the amendment time scope and frequency.The academic views on the power optimization such as power abolition theory power interpretation theory power limitation theory and power expansion theory have limitations at different levels.According to the features of the power including subordination in terms of positioning dependence in terms of the text supplement in terms of the function and limitation in terms of the constraints the normative scheme on the"power control theory"could be established by combining the second-order split and the four-links progression.