从明清云南志书及“图说”所记“爨蛮”“僰夷”看古代民族分类

On the Ethnic Category From“Cuanman”and“Boyi”in Yunnan Local Chronicle Books and Ethnic Illustrations of Ming and Qing Dynasty

随着明清王朝统辖范围的扩大,云南志书及"图说"所记民族种类不断增加。原本与"风俗"合记的"诸夷"在志书中独立出来,至正德《云南志》时形成专记的传统。万历《云南通志》的主修者李元阳将云南民族区分为"爨蛮"和"僰夷"两个大类,形成"爨僰二分"的民族分类格局。天启《滇志》的撰写者刘文征开始打破这种格局,对原先隶属于"爨蛮""僰夷"的民族重新分类,也导致后世将"爨蛮"和"僰夷"误解为具体的民族。梳理其中发生的概念流变,可以揭示古代民族分类的一种脉络,以免陷入和古人同样的误区。

With the expansion of the jurisdiction of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the ethnic groups recorded in Yunnan Chronicle books and illustrations have been increasing. The "Zhuyi",originally written in conjunction with "custom",came standing out independently in the annals,and formed a special tradition in Zhengde Yunnan Chronicle Book. Li Yuanyang,the major compiler of Wanli Yunnan General Chronicle Book,divided the ethnic groups of Yunnan into two categories,i.e. "Cuanman"and"Boyi",establishing the pattern of the ethnic dichotomy of "Cuan and Bo". Liu Wenzheng,the author of Tianqi Yunnan Chronicle Book,started to change the pattern of the ethnic dichotomy,and reclassified ethnic groups originally affiliated to Cuanman and Boyi,which resulted in misunderstanding about the attribution of Cuanman and Boyi in later times. The article tries to review the conceptual changes which occurred in it,so as to reveal the process of ancient ethnic classification.