参与式预算化解社会组织扶贫服务困境的路径探索

The Path of Participatory Budget to Resolve the Dilemma of Social Organizations’Poverty Alleviation Service

当前已进入打赢脱贫攻坚战的关键阶段,然而省际边缘贫困区受困于自然地理、社会基础等条件的不足,扶贫工作越是深入,越是呈现出深度扶贫难度。社会组织承接扶贫项目成为扶贫工作提质增效的有益探索,但也面临服务困境。本文选取川渝黔滇四个省市交界处的5个县,对其具有代表性的社会组织参与扶贫项目进行比较分析,发现:由于深度贫困区的特殊背景以及社会组织参与扶贫工作的相关政策、实践机制的缺失,导致贫困治理中出现各行动主体合作意愿较低、项目决策精准性不足以及低效、腐败等问题。本研究基于参与式预算的优势因素及其在解决上述问题中可能发挥的作用,认为将参与式预算引入社会组织承接扶贫服务,对明确各主体在合作治贫中的责任义务、满足服务对象真实需求、提升项目廉效性具有积极意义。当前应充分利用社会组织参与扶贫的已有实践基础,以"整体化分散治理"为理论视角,在坚持党的领导下,构建基于政府管理、社会组织供给、民众提供需求信息的"供需管"多元联动治贫机制。由于存在省际边缘贫困区、民族地区、革命老区等多种因素交叠的情况,还需要针对上述问题精准施策,以保证扶贫方案的可行性、有效性和可持续性。

As the key stage of winning the battle for China’s complete poverty alleviation has approached,difficulties remained in deepening the effects to fulfill the goal in geographically remote areas with lack of social infrastructure particularly in the border area between different provinces. Social organizations undertaking poverty alleviation projects has made meaningful exploration to improve the quality and efficiency of poverty alleviation work,but they still face service dilemma. This article selects five counties at the bordering area of four provinces and cities in Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,and Yunnan to compare and analyze their representative social organizations participating in poverty alleviation projects. Research results found that due to the special background of deep poverty areas and the lack of relevant policies and practical mechanisms for social organizations to participate in poverty alleviation work,there are problems such as low willingness actors to cooperate,insufficiency in setting up target for project decision-making and inefficiency and corruption emerged in poverty management. The study is based on the advantages of participatory budget and its possible role in solving the above problems,it suggests to introduce participatory budget into social organizations to undertake poverty alleviation services is of positive significance to clarify the responsibilities and obligations of each subject in the cooperative fight against poverty,to meet the real needs of local people and to enhance the integrity of the project. The article also suggests that at present,we should take advantage of the existing practical basis of social organizations’ participation in poverty alleviation,take "integrated and decentralized governance"as the theoretical perspective,and firmly adhere to the leadership of the Party,construct a multidimensional coordinating mechanism of "supply and demand management " based on government management,social organization supply and people’s demand information. In order to ensure the feasibility,effectiveness and sustainability of poverty alleviation programmes,there is a need for precise measures to address the above problems due to the overlapping of various factors,such as poverty-stricken areas in province border regions,ethnic areas and old revolutionary areas.