族际通婚对民族地区减贫的影响研究——以人口较少民族为例

Study on the Impact of Intermarriage of Ethnic Groups on Poverty Reduction in Ethnic Areas——Case Study on Less Populated Ethnic Groups

族际通婚是否影响减贫过程,对当下的减贫事业开展和民族政策制定意义重大。利用人口较少民族家庭的建档立卡数据和聚居村信息进行计量分析,本研究发现族际通婚促进了中国减贫事业的开展:族际通婚家庭比单一民族家庭的脱贫概率显著高1%,行政村层面族际通婚有3%的减贫效应;在不同地域上,族际通婚的减贫效应差别较大,而按民族划分的减贫效应则不明显,其中人口较少民族聚居村的减贫效应最显著;族际通婚对于"素质限制型"家庭的减贫促进作用更大。本文认为族际通婚可能影响减贫进程的机制为:扶贫过程重构农村家庭社会资本,而族际通婚家庭在观念禀赋、使用国家通用语言、转变思想观念上的优势促进了家庭社会资本的加速形成,使其更快适应新的社会网络、内生主动发展,进而加快减贫进程。最后,本研究的发现对减贫政策和民族政策的制定和实施有重要意义,以增加家庭社会资本为契机,政策应当积极疏通民族和家庭的封闭观念,引导其培养积极开放的心态,加强民族间交往交流交融,而且政策应当多从地域因素着手解决当下发展的不平衡不充分问题。

Whether intermarriage of ethnic groups affects the process of poverty reduction is of great significance to the development of poverty reduction and the formulation of ethnic policies. This study found that intermarriage of ethnic groups promoted poverty reduction in China through analyzing statistics collected from village level registered poor families;the probability of effective poverty reduction is 1% higher in intermarriage ethnic families than that of single-ethnic families, and the poverty reduction effect of intermarriage at village administrative level is 3%;in different regions,the poverty reduction effect of intermarriage varies greatly,but the poverty reduction effect difference among different ethnic groups is not obvious,among which the poverty reduction effect is the most significant in villages of ethnic groups of less population;intermarriage contributes more to the poverty reduction of"capability-limited"families. This paper considers that the mechanism by which intermarriage may affect the poverty reduction process as follows: the process of poverty alleviation reconstructs the social capital of rural families, while the advantages of intermarriage families in concept endowment,use of national common language,and change of mentality have promoted the acceleration of family social capital formation,accelerated the adaptation to the new social network,endogenous active development,and then accelerate the process of poverty reduction. Finally,the findings of this study are of great significance to the formulation and implementation of poverty reduction policies and ethnic policies. The policy should take the opportunity of increasing the famity social capital,while actively cultivate a positive and open mind so as to strengthen inter-ethnic exchanges,communications and integration and the policy should address the current unbalanced and inadequate development from perspectives of various regional factors.