基于化学计量学的青翘和老翘中重金属与有害元素残留规律研究

Study on residues of heavy metals and harmful elements in Qingqiao and Laoqiao based on chemometrics

连翘因采收期不同分为青翘和老翘,2种连翘规格中重金属蓄积规律尚未见报道。该研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了29批老翘和60批青翘中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)的残留水平,样品分别来自山西、陕西、河南、河北等产区。采用多元统计方法分析青翘、老翘中有害元素含量的差异性和相关性,并采用主成分分析(PCA)对青翘、老翘中有害元素进行了综合评价。结果显示,青翘和老翘中重金属与有害元素残留水平存在显著性差异,其中老翘中Pb残留水平显著高于青翘(P<0.01),而Cu残留水平低于青翘(P<0.01)。连翘的产地差异性表现较小。PCA分析显示,青翘和老翘可成功聚为2类。研究表明,青翘和老翘中重金属与有害元素残留水平具有显著差异,果实成熟期(老翘)相对于青翘对Pb元素存在更高富集性。该研究为连翘质量分级和安全性提供参考。

Forsythiae Fructus is divided into Qingqiao and Laoqiao due to different harvesting periods.So far,the accumulation of heavy metals in the two types of Forsythiae Fructus has not been reported.In this study,the residual levels of copper(Cu),lead(Pb),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)in 29 batches of Laoqiao and 60 batches of Qingqiao were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The samples were collected from Shanxi,Shaanxi,Henan,and Hebei Provinces.In addition,the diversity and correlation of harmful elements in Qingqiao and Laoqiao were analyzed by multivariate statistical method.Furthermore,principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the harmful elements concentrations of Qingqiao and Laoqiao.The results showed that there was a significant difference on the residual levels of heavy metals and harmful elements between Qingqiao and Laoqiao.Among them,the content of Pb in Laoqiao is significantly higher than that in Qingqiao(P<0.01),while the content of Cu is significantly lower than that in Qingqiao.However,the difference in harmful elements among different producing areas of Forsythiae Fructus is not significant.PCA analysis showed that Qingqiao and Laoqiao were successfully grouped into two categories.This study suggests significant difference in the residual levels of heavy metals and harmful elements between Qingqiao and Laoqiao.Besides,Forsythiae Fructus has a certain enrichment of Pb in the fruit ripening stage(Laoqiao).This study provides a reference for the quality classification and safety of Forsythiae Fructus.