深圳市龙岗区成人高血压流行现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adult Hypertension in Longgang District of Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市龙岗区高血压患病情况和其危险因素的分布。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取龙岗区18岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果调查居民的收缩压均值为113.17±15.23 mmHg,舒张压均值为73.68±10.06 mmHg,收缩压均值与舒张压均值总体上随年龄的增长呈上升趋势(P<0.001);高血压患病率为16.49%,男性高于女性(χ^2=4.81,P<0.05)。患病率均随年龄的增加而上升,在35岁以后随年龄上升比较明显,60岁之前男性高于女性,60岁以后女性高于男性。单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)患病率随着年龄的增长而升高,差异有统计学意义(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.50~1.77)。高血压患者患病知晓率为71.29%,两周治疗率64.36%,治疗人群控制率为46.53%,女性均高于男性(χ^2=19.099、30.24、28.953,P<0.01);不同文化程度、不同职业、不同婚姻状况、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、锻炼与否、是否有中心性肥胖、不同体质指数及血脂是否异常的人群高血压患病率差异均有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为68.47、127.01、50.91、13.47、25.38、21.46、5.59、170.78、11.71,P均<0.05);男性、高龄、有高血压家族史、饮酒、有较高的BMI指数、向心性肥胖和糖尿病为高血压患病危险因素。结论龙岗区居民高血压患病率低于全国平均水平;龙岗区政府要保持高度警觉,多部门联防联控,针对危险因素采取相应的干预措施,普及高血压防治知识,提升居民防控意识。

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of hypertension and its risk factors in Longgang District. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 years and over in the region for questionnaire survey and physical examination.Results The mean systolic blood pressure was 113.17 ± 15.23 mmHg, whereas the mean diastolic blood pressure was 73.68 ± 10.06 mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 16.49%, which was higher in men than that in women(χ^2=4.81, P<0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age in both sexes, and this trend was more obvious over the age of 35 years.Below the age of 60 years,the prevalence rate of hypertension in males were higher than that in females, whereas the prevalence rate ofhypertension in females were higher than that in males over the age of 60 years. The prevalence of simple systolic hypertension(ISH) increased with age(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.50-1.77). The awareness rate of hypertension patients was 71.29%, the rate of two-week treatment was 64.36%, and the control rate of the treated people was 46.53%, all of which were higher in women than those in men (χ^2=19.099, 30.24, 28.953, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the prevalence rate of hypertension among participants with different levels of education, occupations, marital status, smoking, drinking, exercise, and central obesity (χ^2=68.47,127.01,50.91,13.47,25.38,21.46, 5.59, 170.78, 11.71, all P<0.05). Risk factors for hypertension were male, old age,family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, higher BMI, centripetal obesity and diabetes.Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension in Longgang district is lower than the national average. The government should maintain high vigilance, implement multi-department joint prevention and control, take corresponding intervention measures for risk factors, popularize knowledge of prevention and control of hypertension, and enhance residents’ awareness of prevention and control.