韩国面临的家庭债务困局及政府采取的破解之策

The Household Debt Predicament and the Cracking Strategy of ROK

近年来,韩国的家庭债务已成为危及其国家经济发展和安全的重大隐患。韩国的家庭债务问题有三个特点。一是债务的绝对规模大。家庭债务规模已接近其国民生产总值。二是增长速度快。三是存在严重的结构性缺陷。韩国家庭债务困局对其经济发展的影响主要表现在三个方面:拖国内消费的后腿,威胁金融安全,局面得不到控制会直接危及国家的经济安全。为破解家庭债务困局,韩国政府采取的措施主要包括:在金融圈引入“债务清偿比率”、“住宅抵押贷款价值比率”和“债务收入比率”,严格把控家庭贷款制度,把家庭债务的年增长率控制在5%以内;在银行圈家庭部门引入“反周期缓冲资本”制度和新的贷款存款比率管控制度,降低金融风险;颁布施行“9·13房地产对策”,调高综合房地产税上限等。

In recent years,household debt of ROK has become a major risk to the country's economic development and security.The problem has 3 following characteristics.First,the absolute scale is huge.The scale of the family debt has been closed to it's GDP.Second,the household debt grows fast.Third,there are severe structural defects.The impacts of the household debt predicament on the economy development are reflected in:dragging down the domestic consumption,threatening the financial security,and even threatening the national economy security if allowed to progress.In order to crack the household debt predicament,the strategies of the government are:introducing“Debt Liquidation Ratio”(DRS),“Residential Mortgage Loan To Value Ratio”(LTV)and“Debt To Income Ratio(DTI)”to strictly control the family loan policy and thus to keep the annual rate of the household debt growth under 5%;introducing“countercyclical buffer”and the new control system of loan to deposit ratio to reduce financial risk;implementing“9.13 real estate strategy”to heighten the upper limit of the consolidated property tax;and so on.