专利侵权惩罚性赔偿之威慑机理与规则适用研究:以法经济学为视角

A Study on the Deterrence Mechanism and Rule Application of Patent Infringement Punitive Damages System: From the Perspective of Law and Economics

《民法典》对知识产权惩罚性赔偿作出了总括性规定,标志着以威慑侵权行为与侵权损害救济为制度功能的惩罚性赔偿成为知识产权侵权损害赔偿制度的重要组成部分。惩罚性赔偿对专利侵权行为的威慑来自于侵权责任。然则,引入惩罚性赔偿将提高现行《专利法》设置的社会最优注意水平,在增强侵权威慑的同时,也可能导致边际合法行为的侵权风险增加、滋生专利侵权诉讼寻租空间等潜在问题。权利救济方式的设置应满足专利制度的设计本旨,故而应在惩罚性赔偿条款中明确停止侵权与惩罚性赔偿的适用逻辑,并将法定赔偿纳入惩罚基准的认定范围。

The deterrence of infringing act and tort relief are two critical functions of punitive damages system in Patent Law.The deterrence to patent tort act by punitive damages stems from tort liability.However,the introduction of punitive damages may increase the optimal level of attention set by the current Patent Law,while enhancing deterrence to infringement,it may also increase infringement risks of marginal legal activities,and create potential problems such as rent-seeking in patent infringement litigation.The setting of remedy system should meet the purpose of patent system.Therefore,the application logic between cessation of infringement and punitive damages should be clearly described in Patent Law,and statutory compensation should be included in the scope of punitive base.