卢梭自然主义教育思想对思想政治教育的启示

The Enlightenment of Rousseau’s Natur alistic Educational Thought on Ideological and Political Education

卢梭的《爱弥儿》是其自认为写得最好、最重要的一部著作,其核心思想是自然主义教育思想,即以培养"自然人"为教育目标,以自然法则、效用原则、自由法则等为教育原则,以直观实物教育法、情感教育法、自然后果法等为教育方法的教育思想。这些教育思想启发思想政治教育在教育目标上应坚持培养"全面发展的人"、培养有责任感的建设者和接班人同时还要细化教育目标;在教育原则上应坚持因材施教、立足现实同时还要注意以生为本;在教育方法上应注重以"物"动人、以"情"动人和以"理"动人的统一。

Rousseau’s Emile is the best and most important work he thinks he has written. His core thought is the naturalistic education thought, that is, the education thought which takes the cultivation of "natural person" as the education goal, the natural law,the utility principle, the free law and so on as the education principle, and the intuitive physical education law, the emotional education law, the natural consequence law and so on as the education method. These educational thoughts enlighten ideological and political education. In terms of educational objectives, we should adhere to the cultivation of "all-round development of people", the cultivation of responsible builders and successors, and at the same time, we should refine the educational objectives;in terms of educational principles, we should adhere to the principle of individualized teaching, based on reality, and pay attention to student-oriented;in terms of educational methods, we should pay attention to the unity of moving with "things", "feelings" and "principles".