海上飞行预适应心理训练技术方法构建及效果研究

Construction and effect of methods for oversea flight pre-adaptative psychological training

目的构建海上飞行预适应心理训练的技术方法并验证效果,为后续应用提供科学参考。方法采用4D仿真技术构建海上飞行预适应心理训练技术,并通过海上飞行及航空医学专家的主观体验,对训练效果进行主观评估;以飞行锻炼员等15人采用被试内配对设计,采集训练前基线和训练中的生理指标:心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)、脑电波(electroencephalogram,EEG)、皮肤电导反应(skin conductance response,SCR)、肌电(electromyography,EMG)等数据,对训练效果进行客观评估。结果构建的海上飞行预适应心理训练场景主要包括海上飞行环境特点、飞行座舱环境特点以上飞行作战中常见战术动作、攻击流程和方式,专家评估后认为可以供飞行员在海上飞行前进行针对性预适应训练;HRV指标:与基线比较,训练中时域各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),频域指标:极低频功率(very low frequency,VLF)指标有显著性升高(P<0.05);EEG指标:与基线比较,训练中θ波最大值(maximum theta wave,Maxθ)、α波最大值(maximum alpha wave,Maxα)、SMR波最大值(maximum sellsorimotor rhythm wave,Max SMR)、低β波最大值(maximum low beta wave,Max lowβ)、高β波最大值(maximum high beta wave,Max highβ)、SMR波平均值(average sellsorimotor rhythm wave,Ave SMR)升高(P<0.05);其他生理指标与基线比较,训练中SCR显著升高(P<0.01)。结论针对性飞行预适应心理训练可以提升飞行员在海上险恶环境下遂行作战任务的心理适应和承受能力,并熟悉常用的海上作战模式,消除紧张恐惧情绪,坚定必胜信心。

Objective To establish a technical method for psychological training for pre-adaptation to oversea flight and verify its effect in order to provide reference for subsequent application.Methods 4D simulation technology was used to produce the oversea flight pre-adaptive training technology-"4D simulation of flight environment and combat scene oversea",and the training effect was evaluated through the subjective experience of experts in oversea flight and aviation medicine.Fifteen trainees were selected as subjects by pairing design.The physiological indexes(heart rate variability,electroencephalogram,skin conductance response,and electromyograms)before and during training were used to evaluate the effect objectively.Results The training scenarios of marine flight pre-adaptation mainly included the environmental characteristics of oversea flight,characteristics of the flight cockpit environment,common tactical actions,attack processes and attack modes in oversea flight operations.Experts concluded that the scenarios could be used for pilots to carry out targeted pre-adaptation training before oversea flight.HRV time-domain index results:There was no significant difference between the indexes of the time-domain and baseline during training(P>0.05).HRV frequency-domain index results:Compared with baseline,VLF during training increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with baseline,EEG indexes(Max theta,Max alpha,Max SMR,Max low beta,Max high beta and Ave SMR)increased significantly during training(P<0.05).SCR during training was significantly higher than baseline(P<0.01).Conclusion Targeted psychological pre-adaptative training of flight can improve pilots'psychological adaptability and endurance so that they can carry out combat tasks in a dangerous oversea environment,familiarize themselves with common oversea combat modes,overcome stress and fear,and leave them more confident about winning.