鼻功能检测用于招飞体检的可行性研究

Feasibility of nasal function test in physical examination of pilot cadets

目的探讨鼻声反射及鼻阻力各项指标对我军招收飞行学员体检中鼻中隔偏曲客观评估的可行性。方法101名飞行学员按照鼻中隔是否偏离中线,分为偏曲组和对照组。采用A1型鼻声反射仪进行鼻声反射检查,得到面积-距离曲线上1 cm以后的前2个切迹的相关数值,分别记录为鼻腔第一最小横截面积(the first nasal minimum cross-sectional area,NMCA1)及其对应的至前鼻孔的距离(the first distance of minimum cross-sectional area to the nostril,DCAN1)、第二最小横截面积(the second nasal minimum cross-sectional area,NMCA2)及其对应的至前鼻孔的距离(the second distance of minimum cross-sectional area to the nostril,DCAN2)。根据面积-距离曲线,计算得到0~3 cm、2~5 cm、0~7 cm的鼻腔容积(nasal cavity volume,NCV)(NCV0-3、NCV2-5、NCV0-7)。应用NR6型鼻阻力仪,分别测量单侧鼻腔吸气和呼气过程中150 Pa时的鼻腔阻力值(nasal resistance,NR)。结果将偏曲组与对照组测量结果进行统计学分析,发现2组间NMCA1、NMCA2、NCV0-3、NCV2-5、NCV0-7以及NR吸气差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。偏曲组与对照组DCAN1、DCAN2和NR呼气差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本研究显示鼻声反射可以用于招飞体检的复选及定选阶段,对形态学评价存在争议的轻中度鼻中隔偏曲进行客观评价,NMCA及NCV是对鼻中隔偏曲判定比较有效的指标,可以在招飞体检中作为重要参考。

Objective To analyze the feasibility of acoustic rhinometry and nasal resistance used in the medical examination of flight crew candidates.Methods According to the deviation of the nasal septum from the midline,the 101 pilot cadets were divided into the deviated group and control group.The first nasal minimal cross-sectional area(NMCA1)、the second nasal minimal cross-sectional area(NMCA2)and the corresponding distance of the minimal cross-sectional area to the nostril(DCAN1、DCAN2)were measured with acoustic rhinometry.According to the area-distance curve,the 0-3 cm、2-5 cm、0-7 cm nasal cavity volumes(NCV0-3、NCV2-5、NCV0-7)were measured.The nasal resistance during inspiration and expiration was measured with a nasal resistance instrument when the pressure difference was at 150Pa.Results The results of NMCA1、NMCA2、NCV0-3、NCV2-5、NCV0-7 and NRins were significantly different between the two groups(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in DCAN1、DCAN2 or NRexp(P>0.05).Conclusion This study shows that acoustic rhinometry can be used in the medical checkup and selection of flying cadets,which can objectively evaluate any slight or moderate deviation of the nasal septum that is controversial in morphological evaluation.NMCA and NCV are relatively effective indexes for assessing the deviation of the nasal septum,which can be used as an important reference in the physical examination of flying cadets.