施用改良剂对设施土壤物理性状及西瓜产量与品质的影响

Effects of Applying Soil Amendment on Physical Properties of Soil and Yield and Quality of Watermelon

以"京欣1号"西瓜为试材,在日光温室条件下,研究了腐殖酸(T2)、凹凸棒粉(T3)、生物动力碳(T4)、微生物菌肥(T5)等4种土壤改良剂对河西绿洲设施土壤容重、孔隙度以及西瓜产量、品质的影响,以期为设施土壤改良和西瓜栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:与常规施肥(T1,基施羊粪)相比,各改良剂处理对应的0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土壤容重和孔隙度均有改善。各处理对应的果形指数之间均无显著差异。各改良剂处理对应的平均单果质量以及产量,与T1相比均有明显增加,且以T5表现最好,其667 m^2产量高达2499.82 kg,相对增产12.5%。品质指标表现不一,可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量均在T4处理下表现最好;可溶性固形物,以T3处理最高;维生素C含量,T2处理达到最大。该区施用改良剂后,降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤孔隙度,土壤物理性状得到改善,以生物动力碳效果最佳;同时外观品质和产量以及果实品质也显著增加,以微生物菌肥增效最为明显。

The watermelon‘Jingxin No.1’was used as material in solar greenhouse,the effects of humic acid(T2),attapulgite(T3),biodynamic carbon(T4)and microbial fertilizer(T5)on soil bulk density,porosity,yield and quality of watermelon in Hexi Oasis were studied,in order to provide some scientific basis for soil amendment in greenhouse and watermelon cultivation.The results showed that the soil bulk density and porosity of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm soil treated with different amendments were improved compared with that of conventional fertilization(T1)and basal fertilization(sheep manure).There was no significant difference in fruit shape index among the treatments.Compared with T1,the average single fruit quality and yield of each treatment were increased obviously,and T5 was the best,the yield per 667 m2 was 2499.82 kg,the relative yield was increased by 12.5%.The content of soluble sugar and titratable acid were the best under the treatment of T4,the content of soluble solid was the highest under the treatment of T3,and the content of vitamin C was the highest under the treatment of T2.Soil bulk density,soil porosity and soil physical properties were improved,and biodynamic carbon was the best,appearance quality,yield and fruit quality were also significantly increased,and microbial fertilizer was the most effective.