“学科”考

Traceability of “xueke”

在汉语中,"学科"一词古已有之,但原指科举考试的科目。现代意义的"学科"来自日本,最早见于启蒙思想家津田真道的一份手稿。手稿刊印后"学科"一词得以流行。后来哲学家井上哲次郎也使用了这个词。1870年代,"学科"传入中国,最先使用这个词的是晚清驻英公使郭嵩焘。现在"学科"在日语中有3个义项,汉语也如此,所以这个词是中日两国共通的词语。

In Chinese, the word "xueke" has been used in ancient times, but it originally refers to the subjects of the imperial examination. The word "xueke" in modern meaning comes from Japan, and it was first seen in a manuscript by the enlightenment thinker Mamichi Tsuda. The word "xueke" became more popular after the manuscript was printed. Later, the philosopher Inoue Tetujiro also used the word. In the 1870 s, the "xueke" of modern meaning was introduced to China. The earliest use of this word was Guo Songtao, the minister of the late Qing Dynasty. "xueke" has three meanings in Japanese, as well as in Chinese. The word is now a common word between China and Japan.