山东方言两种类型降升调对立的声学和感知探析

An Acoustic and Perceptual Investigation of Two Types of Concave Tone Contrasts in Dialects in Shandong Province

本文对山东胶州和临沂方言声调系统中的降升调对立进行了声学和感知实验研究。结果发现,两个降升调在声学上的对立突出表现在内部时长结构的不同,音系学上起点和终点音高的对立只是次要特征;而在由斜度和音高构成的声学空间中,胶州方言的两个降升调斜度趋于一致,呈高低的对立;临沂方言的两个降升调在音高上分布相近,斜度则分别为正值和负值,呈升和降的鲜明对立。因为斜度相近,胶州方言两个降升调表现出连续感知形态;而临沂方言的两个降升调则因斜度相反呈现出典型的范畴感知形态。实验结果揭示了五度值方法和建立在音高单一维度上的声调区别特征理论的局限性,进一步强调了斜度在汉语声调对立中的重要性。

This paper documents acoustic and perceptual experiments on the concave tone contrasts in Jiaozhou and Linyi dialects in Shandong province.The results show that the acoustic contrast of the two concave tones is manifested primarily in the internal duration structure of the tone and the difference in phonological pitch is only a secondary feature.In the acoustic space defined in terms of slope and pitch,the slopes of the two concave tones of the Jiaozhou dialect tend to be consistent,and so the two concave tones of the Jiaozhou dialect show a continuous perceptual mode.In contrast,the two concave tones of Linyi dialect exhibit consistent pitch but show sharp rising and falling oppositions in their slopes.Hence,the two concave tones of the Linyi dialect show a typical categorical perceptual mode.The results of the experimental study reveal the limitations of five-degree method and of the phonological features of tone based on the sole dimension of pitch.This paper further underscores the importance of slope in identifying tones in Chinese.