中国国家公园社区移民中的问题与对策研究

Analysis on the Problems and Solutions of Community Resettlement in National Parks of China

国家公园新体制下要求核心保护区内居民逐步实施移民搬迁。面向这样大规模、成体系的人口迁移需求,如何开展新目标、新背景下的生态移民搬迁亟待理论方法指导。通过梳理中国现行移民政策及规划体系,可以识别出国家公园社区移民工作中存在的问题,包括政策适配性差、目标定位不明确、规划实施不科学及政策灵活性不足等。并相应提出重构政策体系、明确以生态保护为核心的规划定位、在国家层面树立生态效益前置的规划目标,科学量化生态绩效及补偿标准、强调参与式规划等解决对策。

Under the new system of national parks,residents in core protected areas are required to gradually move out.Facing such a large and systematic population migration demand,theoretical approaches are needed to guide the ecological migration.Based on the review of China's migration project policies and planning system,this study found that there are many problems in the national park community resettlement work,including poor policy adaptability,unclear core objectives,unscientific planning and implementation,and insufficient policy flexibility.Countermeasures include restructuring the policy system,taking ecological protection as the core of the planning positioning,setting planning goals for ecological benefits at the national level,quantifying ecological performance and compensation standards and emphasis on participatory planning.