2018年成都市某区在岗噪声作业工人听力监测结果分析

Analysis of Hearing Monitoring Results of Workers Exposed to Noise in A District of Chengdu in 2018

目的分析成都市某区在岗噪声作业工人的听力异常原因,为制定噪声防治政策与措施提供依据。方法将2018-01-01/12-31《职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统》中26 257名本区域在岗体检工人作为研究对象,调查其双耳听力情况,并采用Logistics回归分析影响听力异常危险因素。结果噪声暴露下存在听力异常的作业人员有4 215例,异常检出率为16.1%;性别、工龄、企业规模、单位类型、行业类别、作业场所噪声危害程度6个因素组间比较均有统计学意义(χ~2=57.7,909.1,687.9,265.5,395.4和1 482.9,P<0.05),采用多因素Logistic回归分析,暴露于噪声超标、20年以上工龄、建筑业、微型企业等6个因素均是听力异常发生的危险因素,听力异常检出率分别为37.0%、30.9%、30.1%和27.8%。结论成都市某区噪声暴露下作业人员听力异常发生率较高,相关影响因素中性别、工龄、企业规模、类型、类别、作业场所噪声危害程度6个因素是听力异常发生的危险因素,噪声防治措施应围绕上述因素展开。

Objective To analyze the causes of abnormal hearing of workers exposed to noise in a district of Chengdu in order to provide a basis for formulating noise control policies and measures.Methods A sample of 26257 on-post workers in 2018 were selected as the participants.The status of binaural hearing was investigated,and logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors of abnormal hearing.Results A total of 4215 cases of hearing loss were found,and the detection rate of abnormal hearing was 16.1%.Significant differences were observed among the detection rates of abnormal hearing in different groups of six,length of service,enterprise scale,unit type,industry category and noise hazard degree in the workplace(χ~2=57.7,909.1,687.9,265.5,395.4,1482.9,P<0.05.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that gender,length of service,enterprise scale,unit type,industry category and noise hazard degree in the workplace were all risk factors for hearing loss.The detection rates of hearing abnormalities of workers in groups of exposure to noise exceeding the standard,20 years of service,construction industry,and micro-enterprises were 37.0%,30.9%,30.1%,27.8%,respectively.Conclusion The detection rate of hearing abnormalities is relatively high among workers exposed to noise in a district of Chengdu.Sex,age,length of service,enterprise type and noise hazard degree in the workplace are risk factors for hearing abnormalities.Noise prevention measures should focus on the above factors.