攀枝花市青少年人群精神障碍流行情况及影响因素分析

The Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Mental Disorders Among Adolescents in Panzhihua City

目的通过攀枝花市青少年人群精神障碍流行病学调查,了解攀枝花市青少年精神障碍流行现状及影响因素。方法 2018-06/2019-06采用分层多阶段整群抽样法按照区/县、街道/乡镇、居委会/村对攀枝花市进行分层抽样,通过样本估计需要调查的样本量为1 020人,根据问卷回收情况最终将942名青少年作为调查对象。由8名临床经验3年以上专科医师和12名临床经验3年以上专科护士组成调查团队,护士利用早期精神病筛查量表对调查者进行筛查后,医师利用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(第5版)对得分>12分者进行诊断式访谈。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验,χ~2检验及Logistic回归分析。结果调查共发放问卷1 020份,有效问卷942份(92.35%);不同性别、居住地、精神病家族史、留守儿童、父亲文化程度、ABO血型中青少年精神障碍患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);青少年精神障碍时点患病率为4.14%,其中以焦虑障碍(1.06%)、孤独症(0.74%)、注意力缺陷多动障碍(0.64%)为主;精神病家族史、留守儿童为青少年精神障碍发病危险因素。结论攀枝花市青少年精神障碍发病率较高,以焦虑障碍、孤独症、注意力缺陷多动障碍为主,应积极开展青少年精神障碍筛查和防治工作并定期评估效果,促进青少年心理健康成长。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influening factors of mental disorders among adolescents in Panzhihua.Methods From June 2018 to June 2019,942 adolescents in Panzhihua were selected by a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method based on districts/counties,streets/towns and committees/villages.An investigation team was composed of 8 specialists with more than 3 years of clinical experience and 12 nurses with more than 3 years of clinical experience.After the nurses screening the participants with the Early Psychiatric Screening Scale,the specialists conducted diagnostic interviews on the subjects with scores of>12 using the Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V).SPSS 20.0 software was used for t-test,Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.Results Finally,92.35%of questionnaires(1020/942)were valid.There were significant differences between the prevalence rates of mental disorders among adolescents with different gender,residence,family history of mental disorders,left-behind children,father’s educational level and ABO blood group(P<0.05).The prevalence rate of mental illness among adolescents was 4.14%,and anxiety disorder(1.06%),autism spectrum disorder(0.74%)and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(0.64%)were the main types of mental illness.Family history of mental disorders and being left-behind children were risk factors for mental illness among adolescents.Conclusion The prevalence rate of mental disorders among adolescents is relatively high in Panzhihua,and anxiety disorder,autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the main types.Therefore,screening and prevention of mental disorders among adolescents is crucial for the promotion of mental health of adolescents.