文学、宗教与政治:论盂兰盆节与《盂兰盆赋》

Literature,Religion,and Politics:YulanPon Festival and YulanPon Fu

唐代群众性的文化活动丰富多彩,尤其是节日活动,为作家提供了多样的文学素材。农历七月十五日,道教称为中元节,佛教称为盂兰盆节,民间俗称鬼节、七月半。武则天如意元年(692年)七月,宫廷内举行盂兰盆法会,杨炯的《盂兰盆赋》成了最为翔实的宫廷盂兰盆法会史料。此赋不仅发挥赋体铺陈之功能描绘了盂兰盆法会之壮丽景象,更以赋体“抒下情而尽忠孝”呈现“孝悌”之道德伦理,将盆斋法会演化为符合“礼治”的皇室颂孝大典,反映了作者歌功颂德之政治目的。

The mass cultural activities especially the festival activities of the Tang Dynasty provided the diversified literary materials.July 15th of the lunar calendar,is called Zhongyuan Festival in Taoism,YulanPon Festival in Buddhism and Ghost Festival or half July for the public.In July of the first Ruyi year(792)of Emperor Wuzetian's ruling,YulanPon Rituals was prevalent in the palace.YANG Jiong's“YulanPon Fu”became the most detailed historical recorder of the activity.The praising article describes the situation of the Festival and express the author's appealing for filial piety,which makes the ceremony an anniversary of the ethics of royal filial piety and reflects the author's political purpose.