高孔隙率三维结构木材构建功能复合材料的研究进展

Research progress of functional composite materials constructed from high porosity three-dimensional structural wood

木材兼具生态友好性和再生性,是符合可持续发展的生态材料。通过选择性去除半纤维素和木质素,将木材制备成具备高孔隙率的三维结构木材,可充分发挥其孔隙率高、纤维排布有序、比表面积大等特点,同时保留木材本身生物相容性好、各向异性突出等优势,在柔性电子设备、污染治理、智能窗户、生物医学、锂电池和建筑材料等领域具有潜在发展潜力。本文总结了以柔性木材、透明木材、木材海绵、碳化木材、木材水凝胶和致密化木材为代表的功能性高孔隙率三维结构木材的形成机制及制备方法,指出了存在的问题,探讨其未来的研究发展方向,以期为新型木基功能材料的研究提供新思路。

Wood is both ecological friendly and renewable,and is an ecological material consistent with sustainable development.By selectively removing hemicellulose and lignin,wood can be prepared into three-dimensional structural wood with high porosity,which can fully take advantage of its high porosity,orderly arrangement of fibers,large specific surface area and good bio-compatibility,outstanding anisotropy of the wood itself.It has potential development value in the fields of flexible electronic equipment,pollution control,smart windows,biomedicine,lithium batteries and building materials.This paper summarized the formation mechanism and preparation methods of functional high porosity three-dimensional structural materials represented by flexible wood,wood sponge,transparent wood,wood hydrogel,carbonized wood and densified wood.The existing problems are pointed out and the future research and development direction are discussed,hoping to provide new ideas for the research and development of new wood-based functional materials.