中小学教育惩戒与学生权利保护关系之研究

A Study of the Relation between the Educational Discipline and the Protection of Students’Right in Primary and Secondary Schools

当前,建议教育惩戒立法的呼声颇高。从法理分析来看,教育惩戒具有合法性和合理性,但同时要保护学生受教育权不受侵害。学校和教师要在行使惩戒权与保护学生受教育权之间保持平衡。学校和教师实施教育惩戒的现实困境在于,尚未有法律明文规定教育惩戒权,缺乏可操作的教育惩戒实施细则,教育惩戒的实施可能会引发新的不公平。借鉴英国、美国等关于教育惩戒的立法与实践,结合我国教育实际,建议我国在法律法规上进一步明确教育惩戒权,分类制定教育惩戒程序和惩戒措施,配套制定引导学生正面行为的支援政策。

Presently,there is a strong call for the legislation of educational discipline.From the perspective of legal analysis,educational discipline has its legitimacy and rationality,but at the same time,students’right to receive education should be protected from infringement.Schools and teachers should maintain a balance between exercising disciplinary right and protecting students’right to receive education.The realistic dilemma for schools and teachers to implement educational discipline lies in the fact that there is no law to explicitly stipulate the right of educational discipline,and there is no operational rules to implement educational discipline,which may lead to new unfairness.Drawing lessons from the legislation and practice of educational discipline in Britain and the United States,and combining with the reality of education in China,this paper suggests that China should further clarify the right of educational discipline in laws and regulations,formulate the measures and procedures of educational discipline by classification,and formulate the supporting policies to guide students’positive behaviors.