地氟烷和七氟烷麻醉对长时间肿瘤手术后苏醒的影响

Effects of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative recovery after long-term tumor surgery

目的分析长时间肿瘤手术时地氟烷和七氟烷全身麻醉(全麻)对术后苏醒的影响。方法选取2019年11月至2020年3月河南省肿瘤医院160例拟行腔镜下食管癌根治术和腔镜下胃癌根治术患者(食管癌、胃癌各80例),随机数字表法分为4组:食管癌+七氟烷全麻(CS组,40例),食管癌+地氟烷全麻(DS组,40例),胃癌+七氟烷全麻(CW组,40例),胃癌+地氟烷全麻(DW组,40例)。4组患者均采用静脉诱导,术中吸入麻醉药维持。记录不同组别患者诱导前(T1)、手术开始(T2)、术毕(T3)、拔管即刻(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),并记录诱导期吸入麻醉药肺泡浓度达0.5最低肺泡浓度(MAC)需要的时间、手术开始时肺泡浓度、苏醒期患者具体肺泡浓度(XMAC)降至0.5 MAC的时间以及从0.5 MAC降至0.2 MAC的时间;记录术毕自主呼吸恢复、睁眼、拔管、定向力恢复所需时间;记录苏醒期躁动程度(RS)评分,比较不同组别间躁动发生率的差异。结果与CS组和CW组比较,DS组与DW组的MAP、心率、SpO2在T1~T4时点的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。CS组、CW组、DS组、DW组诱导期吸入麻醉药肺泡浓度达0.5 MAC所需时间分别为(5.6±1.3)、(5.8±2.1)、(3.5±1.5)、(3.8±1.0)min,与CS组和CW组相比,DS组和DW组所需时间均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(F=32.538,P<0.05)。CS组、CW组、DS组、DW组苏醒期吸入麻醉药肺泡浓度从0.5 MAC降至0.2 MAC所需时间分别为(6.4±2.2)、(7.0±1.5)、(4.2±2.2)、(4.1±1.5)min,与CS组和CW组相比,DS组和DW组所需时间均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(F=42.113,P<0.05)。与CS组和CW组相比,DS组和DW组术毕自主呼吸恢复、睁眼、拔管、定向力恢复所需时间均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论长时间肿瘤手术时地氟烷和七氟烷麻醉均能达到满意的麻醉深度,地氟烷能够缩短苏醒时间,早期拔出气管导管,提高苏醒质量。

Objective To analyze the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative recovery after long lasting tumor surgery.Methods One hundred and sixty patients undergoing endoscopic radical esophagectomy and gastrectomy (80 cases of each surgical type) from November 2019 to March 2020 at Henan Cancer Hospital, were randomized into 4 groups(n=40): group CS (esophageal cancer+sevoflurane anesthesia), group DS (esophageal cancer+desflurane anesthesia),group CW (stomach cancer+sevoflurane anesthesia) and group DW (gastric cancer+desflurane anesthesia). General anesthesia was induced by intravenous agents in all four groups, which were maintained by inhaled anesthetic during the operation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and surplus pulse O2 (SpO2) immediately before induction (T1), the moment of operation begin (T2), operation end (T3) and extubation (T4) were recorded. Also, the duration required for inhalation anesthetic alveolar concentration reaching 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) during induction, the alveolar anesthetic concentration at the beginning of the operation, the duration required for XMAC (patients specific alveolar concentration) declining to 0.5 MAC on recovery period, and the duration of alveolar concentration of 0.5 MAC declining to 0.2 MAC were determined. Additionally, the durations of spontaneous breathing recovery, eyes opening, extubation and recovery of consciousness were recorded. Finally, restlessness score (RS) during recovery period was used to evaluate postoperative agitation.Results Compared with group CS and group CW, no significant differences in MAP, HR, SpO2 in group DS and group DW at T1 to T4 were found (all P>0.05). The durations required for inhalation anesthetic alveolar concentration reaching 0.5 MAC were (5.6±1.3), (5.8±2.1), (3.5±1.5) and (3.8±1.0) min in group CS, group CW, group DS and group DW, where the durations in group DS and group DW were significantly shorter than those in group CS and group CW (F=32.538, P<0.05). The durations of alveolar concentration of 0.5 MAC declining to 0.2 MAC were (6.4±2.2), (7.0±1.5), (4.2±2.2) and (4.1±1.5) min in group CS, group CW, group DS and group DW, and the durations in group DS and group DW were significantly shortened as compared with group CS and group CW (F=42.113, P<0.05). Compared with group CS and group CW, group DS and group DW required significantly shorter time for spontaneous breathing recovery, eye opening,extubation, and directional force recovery after operation (all P<0.05).Conclusions Both desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia can achieve satisfactory anesthesia depth during long lasting tumor surgery. Desflurane can shorten the recovery time and early extubation, and improve the quality of recovery.