杀菌剂对马铃薯黑胫病菌毒力及其安全性和田间防效测定

Toxicity,Safety and Field Control of Bactericide Against Potato Blackleg

马铃薯黑胫病(Potato blackleg)是一种种薯传播病害,危害呈逐年加重趋势。为研究马铃薯黑胫病药效防治措施,以马铃薯品种‘费乌瑞它’为材料,采用抑菌圈法测定了不同药剂对黑腐果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium atrosepticum)的室内毒力,并对入选药剂采用拌种、沟施、灌根3种处理方式进行了田间防效试验,同时对入选药剂使用不同浓度剂量处理种薯在田间进行了药剂安全性测定。结果表明,噻霉酮、溴硝醇、乙蒜素抑制效果较好,EC50值分别为38.18,77.09和168.15μg/mL,与农用硫酸链霉素相比相差较小。在药剂对马铃薯安全性测定中,溴硝醇拌种的3个用药浓度对出苗均没有抑制作用,其他各供试药剂拌种的二倍用量对出苗均有抑制作用。2017和2018年2年防效试验中,噻霉酮拌种效果最好,防效分别为75.20%和70.35%,增产分别为18.18%和24.89%;其次是溴硝醇拌种、乙蒜素拌种和灌根、噻霉酮灌根,防效均在52.24%~68.60%;对比拌种、沟施和灌根3种施药方法,拌种和灌根效果较好。因此,噻霉酮、溴硝醇和乙蒜素3种药剂是马铃薯黑胫病防止中的首选药剂,且使用拌种和灌根效果较好。

Potato blackleg is a seed-borne disease of potato,and its harm is increasing year by year.In order to study the control measures of potato blackleg,the indoor toxicity of different bactericides to Pectobacterium atrosepticum was measured by bacteriostatic ring method,and the field control effect of selected bactericides was tested by seed dressing,furrow application and root-irrigation using the potato variety'Favorita'as material.Also,the safety of the selected bactericides was tested in the field with different concentrations and dosages.The inhibitory effects of Benziothia-zolinone,Bronopol and Ethylicin were good,with EC50 values being 38.18,77.09 and 168.15μg/mL,respectively,and inhibitory effect was similar as compared with agricultural streptomycin sulfate.In the determination of the safety of bactericides to potato,the three concentrations of Bronopol had no inhibitory effect on the emergence of seedlings,while the double dosage of other bactericides tested inhibited the emergence.In the two-year control effect test in 2017 and 2018,the seed dressing effect of Benziothia-zolinone was the best,with the control effect of 75.20%and 70.35%,and the yield increase of 18.18%and 24.89%,respectively,followed by Bronopol seed dressing,Ethylicin seed dressing and root-irrigation,and Benziothia-zolinone root-irrigation,with the control effect ranging from 52.24%to68.60%.Comparing the three application methods of seed dressing,furrow application and root-irrigation,the effects of seed dressing and root-irrigation were better.Therefore,Benziothia-zolinone,Bronopol and Ethylicin are the preferred bactericides in the control of potato blackleg,and the effect of seed dressing and root-irrigation is better.