基于108 015例样本数据的中国人群中医体质类型分布特征分析

Analysis of distribution characteristics of TCM body constitution types in Chinese population based on data of 108015 cases

目的对15岁及以上中国人群中医体质数据进行收集,分析并描述其中医体质类型分布特征。方法使用《中医体质量表(成人版)》和《中医体质量表(老年版)》,通过“互联网云+终端设备”方式采集108015例人群体质数据,从整体人群、性别、年龄、地域等维度,对中国成年和老年人群的体质分布特征进行分析,采用χ^2检验对样本的代表性和各体质类型构成情况进行分析。结果108015例样本人群与2015年全国总人口性别构成差异具有统计学意义,年龄构成差异无统计学意义。在整体人群中,平和质占28.98%,8种偏颇体质占71.02%,位于前3位的为阳虚质、气虚质、湿热质,分别占16.41%、13.18%和10.23%;15~64岁人群中,平和质占28.80%,8种偏颇体质占71.20%,位于前3位的为阳虚质、气虚质、湿热质,分别占16.75%、13.57%和11.30%;65岁及以上老年人群中,平和质占30.25%,8种偏颇体质占69.75%,位于前3位的为阴虚质、阳虚质、痰湿质,分别占14.04%、13.97%和10.70%,气虚质的占比也比较高,达到10.39%。各人群中不同性别、年龄、地域的体质类型构成比差异具有统计学意义。结论样本人群的年龄构成比与2015年全国总人群具有一致性,在此维度上对全国人群具有代表性;各组人群的平和质构成比均不到1/3,平和质构成比较10年前降低,偏颇体质构成比上升,整体人群偏颇体质前3位体质为阳虚质、气虚质、湿热质,较10年前排序发生变化;不同性别、年龄、地域人群的体质分布不同。

Objective To collect data of TCM body constitution of Chinese population aged 15 and above,and to analyze and describe the distribution characteristics of their TCM body constitution types.Methods Data of 108015 cases were collected using Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(for Adults)and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(for the Elderly)via the internet and terminal equipment,and distribution characteristics of body constitution types were analyzed from such perspectives as the whole sample population,gender,age and region.In addition,the representativeness and distribution of data were analyzed withχ^2 test.Results There was statistically significant difference in sex ratio but not in age structure between the sample population and the whole population of China in 2015.In the sample population on the whole,the proportion of people with gentleness(balanced)constitution type was 28.98%,and those with 8 imbalanced constitution types accounted for 71.02%,the top three types being yang-deficiency type(16.41%),qi-deficiency type(13.18%)and wetness-heat(damp-heat)type(10.23%).In the 15-64 age group,those with gentleness constitution type made up 28.80%,and those with 8 imbalanced constitution types 71.20%,the top three types being yang-deficiency type(16.75%),qi-deficiency type(13.57%)and wetness-heat type(11.30%).In the group aged above 64,people with gentleness constitution type added up to 30.25%,and those with 8 imbalanced types 69.75%,the top three types being yin-deficiency type(14.04%),yang-deficiency type(13.97%),and phlegm-wetness(phlegm-damp)type(10.70%),followed by qi-deficiency type(10.39%).There were significant differences in body constitution type distribution between different gender,age and region groups.Conclusion The age structure of the sample population is consistent with that of the whole population of China in 2015,meaning the former is representative of the latter from this perspective.The proportion of people with gentleness constitution type in each age group was smaller than 1/3 of the whole group and smaller than that 10 years ago,while the proportion of those with imbalanced constitution types increased.The top 3 imbalanced types in the whole sample population were yang-deficiency type,qi-deficiency type and wetness-heat type,the sequence of which was different from that 10 years ago.Constitution distribution patterns were different for different gender,age and region groups.