粪菌移植浓度对鸡器官发育和炎症反应的影响

Effect of transplantation concentration of fecal microbiota on chicken organ development and inflammatory response

为了探讨粪菌移植浓度对鸡器官发育和炎症反应的影响,试验采用成年健康高体重吐鲁番斗鸡与来航鸡杂交后代鸡母鸡作为供体,90只1日龄相同品种健康雏鸡作为受体,进行类菌移植。将90只受体鸡只随机分为3组,分别为生理盐水对照组(C组)、高浓度粪菌移植组(H组)和低浓度粪菌移植组(L组),每组30只,连续对受体鸡进行粪菌移植,4周后测定受体鸡的体重以及胸肌、腿肌、肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊等器官重量;采用H.E.染色法比较研究胸肌、腿肌和十二指肠的形态结构变化;采用甲苯胺蓝染色法比较研究十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠肥大细胞的数量变化;采用荧光定量PCR法测定炎性因子的mRNA表达变化。结果表明:L组体重和腿肌重极显著大于H组(P<0.01),胸肌和脾脏重量均显著大于H组(P<0.05),肝脏和法氏囊重量大于H组但差异不显著(P>0.05);C组和L组胸肌单位面积内肌纤维数量均显著高于H组(P<0.05),L组腿肌单位面积内肌纤维数量显著高于H组(P<0.05),十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值均显著高于C组和H组(P<0.05);H组脾脏炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α的mRNA表达量显著高于L组(P<0.05),盲肠中肥大细胞的数量增多且极显著高于L组(P<0.01)。说明低浓度粪菌移植可促进雏鸡器官发育,而高浓度粪菌移植可导致雏鸡发生炎症反应。

In order to study the effect of transplantation concentration of fecal microbiota on organ development and inflammatory response, the high-weight adult hens of cross offspring between the Turpan cockfight and the Laihang chicken were selected as donors and the 90 one-day-old healthy chicks were selected as recipients and were randomly divided into three groups: saline control group(group C), high transplantation concentration of fecal microbiota group(group H) and low transplantation concentration of fecal microbiota group(group L). There are 30 chickens in each group. After four weeks of continuous fecal bacteria transplantation on recipients, the body weight and the weight of chest muscle, leg muscle, liver, spleen, and bursa of fabricius were measured. The morphological changes in chest muscle, leg muscle and duodenum were studied by H.E. staining method. The number of mast cells in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were compared by toluidine blue staining method. The expression of mRNA of inflammatory factors in the spleen was tested by qPCR. The results showed that the body weight and the weight of leg muscle in group L were significantly higher than those of group H(P<0.01). The weight of chest muscle and spleen in group L were significantly higher those of group H(P<0.05). The weight of liver and bursa of fabricius in group L were highter than those of group H, but there is no significance between them(P>0.05). In group L and group C, the number of muscle fibers in chest was significantly higher than that in group H(P<0.05), besides the number of muscle fibers in leg in group L was significantly higher than that in group H(P<0.05),and the height of villi and the ratio of height of villus/depth of crypt in duodenum were significantly higher than those in group C and group H(P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in the spleen in group H were significantly higher than those of group L(P<0.05), and the number of mast cells was significantly higher in group H than that of group L(P<0.01). The above results indicated that low transplantation concentration of fecal microbiota could significantly improve chicken organ development, while high transplantation concentration of fecal microbiota could cause inflammation.