“村政建设”与近代山西乡村社会变迁——兼论“村政建设”的失败原因

Village Administration Construction and the Changes of Shanxi Rural Society in Modern Times

从民国初年开始,阎锡山在山西农村逐步推行了系统的乡村改制计划,即普遍所知的“村政建设”。运动在一定程度上促进了山西社会的稳定和某些领域的发展,但阎锡山办理“村政”的最终目的在于对乡村社会的有效控制,因此运动过程中建立了严密的基层行政网络,处处监视乡民的行动,并不利于改制的顺利推进,加之运动的初衷是“取之于农村,用之于农村”,对乡村并没有多余的资金投入,所以并没有得到乡民的真心拥护,同时运动中也缺乏大量热心实施的地方官员,结果这场运动并没有给山西乡村社会和民众生活带来明显变化。

Since the early years of the Republic of China,Yan Xishan gradually carried out a systematic rural restructuring plan in Shanxi countryside,which is generally known as"village administration construction".To a certain extent,the movement promoted the social stability and the development of some fields in Shanxi.However,the ultimate goal of Yan Xishan s"village administration"is to effectively control the rural society.Therefore,in the process of the movement,he established a strict grass-roots administrative network and monitored the actions of villagers everywhere,which was not conducive to the smooth progress of the reform.In addition,the original intention of the movement was to"take from the countryside and use it for the countryside",and there was no surplus investment in the countryside,so it did not win the wholehearted support of the villagers.At the same time,the campaign lacked a large number of local officials who were eager to implement it.As a result,the campaign did not bring significant changes to the rural society and people s life in Shanxi.