先秦斫琴艺术探析

On the Art of Guqin in the Pre-Qin Period

从上古造琴传说中,可以看出古琴历史之悠久,古琴的出现对于华夏文明的演进具有重要的意义。西周时期,琴已成为中原地区较为流行的一种弦乐器,当时的乐器制作技术已比较成熟,古琴的斫制遵循着"天时、地气、材美、工巧"的造物思想和原则。先秦琴器主要由椅、桐、梓木材砍削而成,外髹以天然生漆,并张以蚕丝做成的丝弦。考古发现出土的半箱式无徽"楚琴"与汉晋间定型并流存至今的古琴在形制上不具有同源性,后者可能是由先秦北方中原地区所广泛使用琴的延续和发展。

From the legend of ancient Qin making,we can see that Guqin has a long history.The appearance of Guqin is of great significance to the evolution of Chinese civilization.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,Qin has become a popu⁃lar stringed instrument in the Central Plains.At that time,the production technology of musical instruments was rela⁃tively mature.The production of Guqin followed the creation ideas and principles of“time,geogas,beautiful materi⁃als and craftsmanship”.The ancient Guqin in the pre-Qin period is mainly made of chair wood,tung wood and catal⁃pa wood.The appearance is painted with natural lacquer and the silk string made of silk is stretched.The semi box type“Chu Qin”unearthed in archaeology has no homology with the ancient Qin which has been established and cir⁃culated in the Han and Jin Dynasties.The latter may be the continuation and development of Qin which was widely used in the Central Plains of northern China in the pre-Qin period.