蛋白质棕榈酰化修饰在病毒感染过程中的作用

The roles of protein palmitoylation during viral infection

蛋白质棕榈酰化修饰是脂质修饰的一种,赋予了底物蛋白更加多样化的生物学功能.在哺乳动物细胞中,棕榈酰化修饰主要是由ZDHHC家族介导的.病毒入侵细胞后,可利用宿主的棕榈酰化修饰促进自身的复制和感染.宿主通过模式识别受体识别病原体相关分子模式诱发天然免疫应答以保护自身免受病毒的伤害并达到清除病原体的目的.天然免疫是宿主抵抗病毒感染的第一道防线,越来越多的研究表明,抗病毒蛋白的棕榈酰化修饰对其发挥功能非常重要.然而截至目前, ZDHHC家族蛋白参与病毒感染过程中的作用机制尚不完全清楚.本文综述了ZDHHC家族蛋白棕榈酰化修饰在病毒感染过程中的最新研究进展.

It is now generally accepted that protein palmitoylation is known as a lipid modification which enriches the functions of substrate proteins. Zinc-finger proteins containing a high conserved Asp-His-His-Cys tetrapeptide(ZDHHC) domain are a group of specific protein acyltransferases, which are responsible for the majority of palmitoylation modifications in mammalian cells. After invading into the cells, viruses employ the host palmitoylation machinery to promote their replication and infection. At the same time,pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns derived from viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors, which induces the innate immunity to protect the host from the invading viruses. Innate immune responses triggered by viral infection serve as the first line of host defense in detecting and eliminating invading viruses. To date, studies have shown that the palmitoylation of adaptor protein in antiviral innate signaling pathway and antiviral proteins is important for their function. However, the underlying mechanisms of ZDHHC family proteins participating in viral infection are not completely understood. This review has summarized the current understandings of palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC family proteins during viral infection.