易地扶贫搬迁移民的可持续生计研究——来自新疆南疆深度贫困地区的证据

Research on sustainable livelihoods of relocate migrants based on poverty alleviation

以新疆深度贫困地区开展的易地扶贫搬迁为研究对象,运用DFID的可持续分析框架(SLA)对易地扶贫搬迁移民的生计资本变化开展分析。研究发现,搬迁后移民的生计资本有了较大提高,其中人力资本、自然资本、物质资本、金融资本都有了不同程度的提升,而社会资本则出现了一定的下降。不同的安置方式及迁入地影响移民的生计资本,有土集中安置移民的生计资本略高于无土集中安置的移民,新建移民新村移民生计资本高于城镇移民。为提高移民的可持续生计能力,要积极拓宽移民的社会关系网络,增强移民参与社会组织的积极性,提高移民的社会资本,激发移民的内生动力,探寻生计资本与内生动力的优化途径,提高资源的使用效率,并针对不同安置方式建立移民能力提升机制,增加就业机会。

Taking the relocation of impoverished residents in Xinjiang′ s severely impoverished areas as the research object, we analyzed the changes in farmers′ livelihood capital before and after the relocation with DFID′ s Sustainable Analysis Framework(SLA). It is found that the livelihood capital of residents has been greatly improved after the relocation, among which human, natural, material, and financial capital have been improved to different degrees, with a temporary decline of social capital. Different resettlement ways and the relocation places have different impacts on migrants′ livelihood capital. The livelihood capital for the concentrated resettlement in rural areas is slightly higher than that in county or urban areas, and the livelihood capital of the migrants in newly built villages is slightly higher than that of urban migrants. In order to improve the sustainable livelihood ability of migrants, it is necessary to vigorously broaden the social relations network of migrants, increase their enthusiasm of participating in social organizations and social capital, stimulate their endogenous motivation, explore ways to optimize livelihood capital and endogenous motivation, improve the efficiency of resource use, and establish the mechanism for the improvement of resettlement capacity for different resettlement methods to increase employment opportunities.