生物炭和保水剂对煤矸石基质水分物理特征的影响

Effect of biochar and super water absorbents on water physical characteristics of coal gangue matrix

探究煤矸石基质的水分物理特征,可为矸石山新土体的水分管理提供依据。本研究以生物炭、保水剂(丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钾的共聚物)以及煤矸石与生土混合成的基质为研究材料,采用双因素三水平(生物炭和保水剂用量分别为煤矸石基质质量的0、2%和4%,以及0、0.02%和0.04%)完全试验设计,通过室内土培方法,研究添加生物炭和保水剂对煤矸石基质水分物理特征的影响。结果表明:混施4%的生物炭和0.04%的保水剂,煤矸石基质的田间持水量较对照显著提高52%。混施4%的生物炭和0.02%的保水剂使煤矸石基质的稳定入渗速率和累积入渗量较对照显著提高34.43%和42.57%;而单施2%的生物炭以及单施0.02%和0.04%的保水剂,未显著提高煤矸石基质的饱和含水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量。双因素分析表明,生物炭对煤矸石基质水分状况的影响比保水剂显著,在煤矸石基质中混施生物炭和保水剂比单施生物炭或保水剂更能提高其保水性能。聚类分析结果表明,在混施处理中,生物炭的施用量越多,煤矸石基质的保水性能越高,同时也提高了其累积入渗量和累积蒸发量。总之,混施生物炭和保水剂显著影响了煤矸石基质的保水性能和入渗性能。

Exploring the water physical characteristics of coal gangue matrix can provide a basis for the water management of the new soil in the coal gangue mountain. In this study, the biochar, super water absorbents(cross-linked polyacrylamides), the matrix mixed with coal gangue and raw soil were selected as the experiment materials, 0, 2%, and 4% biochar and 0, 0.02%, and 0.04% super water absorbents were added into the coal gangue matrix, respectively, according to a two-factor and three-level complete test design method. The water physical characteristics of the coal gangue matrix under different treatments were analyzed through the indoor culture method. The results showed that the field water holding capacity of the coal gangue matrix with 4% biochar and 0.04% super water absorbents was 52% significantly higher than that of the control. The water stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration of the coal gangue matrix with 4% biochar and 0.02% super water absorbents were significantly increased by 34.43% and 42.57%, respectively, compared with the control. The applications of 2% biochar, 0.02% and 0.04% super water absorbents alone did not increase the saturated water content, capillary and field water holding capacity of the coal gangue matrix. The results of two-factor analysis showed that the biochar had a more significant effect on the water content of the coal gangue matrix than the super water absorbents, and the interaction between the biochar and the super water absorbents also significantly influenced the infiltration performance and evaporation effect of the coal gangue matrix than single application of biochar or super water absorbents. The cluster analysis showed that adding more the amount of biochar in the mixed application treatment could increase the water retention performance of the coal gangue matrix, their cumulative infiltration and cumulative evaporation. In short, the water-retaining and infiltration properties of coal gangue matrix can be significantly improved when coal gangue matrix was mixed with biochar and super water absorbents.