“债务陷阱”与“债务危机”的发展逻辑——兼及“一带一路”参与国经济体系的开放性

The Development Logic of “Debt Trap”and “Debt Crisis”——The Openness of the Economic Systems of “Belt and Road” Participating Countries

近年来,部分国际舆论将"一带一路"视作中国的"债务陷阱",认为中国在推行"一带一路"过程中,有意使参与国承担超过偿付能力的沉重债务,借此谋求自身战略利益。某些"一带一路"参与国确实以债务负担加重为由作出政策调整,甚至出现取消相关合作项目的情况。但通过对发展中国家债务危机发展模式的考察,笔者认为,就发展中国家共性而言,在后布雷顿森林体系时代,并非单纯的国家债务规模本身,而是国内与国际两个层面上经济体系的"开放性",在国家债务问题的发展方向上发挥了更大的作用。作为一个开放的倡议,"一带一路"无论主观意图,抑或客观效果都有助于加强参与国经济体系的开放性。因此,"一带一路"的实施有助于抑制参与国债务积累的负面作用,将其等同于"债务陷阱"是不恰当的。

At present,some international public opinion regards the"Belt and Road"as China’s"debt trap"and believes that in the process of introducing the"Belt and Road",China intends to make the participating country bear heavy debts burden that exceed its ability to repay,thereby seeking its own strategic interests.Some the"Belt and Road"participating countries have indeed made adjustments on the grounds of increasing public debt burdens,and even canceled relevant cooperation projects.However,through the investigation of developing countries’debt crisis development mode after the disintegration of the Bretton Woods system,this article holds that,in the post Bretton Woods system era,it is the"openness"of domestic and international economic systems,rather than the simple scale of national debt itself,which plays a greater role in the development direction of national debt problems.As an open initiative,the"Belt and Road"initiative,whether subjective or objective,is to strergthen the openness of the participating country’s economic system.Therefore,the expansion of the"Belt and Road"itself restrains the negative effect of the participatiing country’s debt accumulation.It is inappropriate to equate the"one belt and one road"with the"debt trap".