海上风电工程对海洋生物影响的研究进展

A review of research on the effect of offshore wind power project on marine organisms

随着世界各国对能源安全、生态环境、气候变化等问题日益重视,加快发展风电已成为国际社会推动能源转型发展、应对全球气候变化的普遍共识和一致行动。过去十余年,我国海上风电产业受益于国家政策的大力推动而蓬勃发展,大有乘势崛起,赶超其他清洁能源的势头。相比陆上风电场,海上风电场对环境的影响较小,但其开发实施以及运行对海洋生态环境和资源开发的累积影响还尚不明确。本文系统全面地梳理了海上风电工程对鸟类、鱼类、海洋哺乳动物、底栖生物、浮游生物及海洋生物多样性等影响的研究进展,总结了海上风电环境影响研究的现状。结合我国实际,提出了将科学研究与海上风电工程环境影响评价紧密结合,开展海上风电项目对区域生态环境影响的研究等有关建议。

With the increasing attention paid to energy security,ecological environment,climate change and other issues around the world,accelerating the development of wind power has become a general consensus and concerted action of the international community to promote energy transformation and development and to respond to global climate change.Over the past decade,flourished offshore wind power industry in China has benefited from the vigorous promotion of national policies.It has the potential to catch up with other clean energy sources.Compared with onshore wind farms,offshore wind farms have less impact on the environment,but the cumulative impact of their development,implementation and operation on the marine ecological environment and resource development are not fully explored.The present study systematically reviews the research on the effects of offshore wind power projects on birds,fishes,marine mammals,benthos,plankton and marine biodiversity,and summarizes the current situation of research on the impact of offshore wind power on the environment.Based on the actual situation in China,some suggestions are made,such as combining scientific research with environmental impact assessment of offshore wind power projects,and carrying out research on the impact of offshore wind power projects on regional ecological environment.