柞蚕主要经济性状的分析及综合评价

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Economic Charac-teristics of Antheraea pernyi

柞蚕主要经济性状的遗传变异及相互关系研究,对于品种的综合评价和遗传改良具有重要意义。以39份供试二化性柞蚕品种为材料,通过对单蛾产卵数、克卵粒数、实用孵化率、千粒茧重、全茧量、茧层量、茧层率、收蚁结茧率、死笼率、千克卵收茧量等性状进行调查,运用相关性分析、通径分析和主成分分析等方法对柞蚕种质资源进行综合评价。结果表明,收蚁结茧率、死笼率、千克卵收茧量的遗传变异较为丰富,其变异系数分别为23.45%、46.37%和26.46%;相关性分析显示,10项性状间存在一定的相关性和信息重叠,这些性状间有26个相关系数达到显著或极显著水平;通径分析表明,8项性状对千克卵收茧量的直接通径系数按由大到小排序为收蚁结茧率、全茧量、茧层率、千粒茧重、克卵粒数、实用孵化率、死笼率、茧层量;主成分分析表明,前4个主成分代表了39个柞蚕品种的10项性状87%的信息,其贡献率分别为48.07%、16.48%、13.99%和8.46%。对39个柞蚕品种的综合得分进行排序,认为多丝4号、丰、辽柞1号和8712这4个品种性状优良,鲁红、小白蚕、青皮和胶蓝4个品种性状较差。

Study on genetic variation and correlation between main economic characteristics of tussah is of great significance to its comprehensive evaluation and genetic improvement. Taking 39 bivoltine tussah varieties as testing materials, tussah germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis based on number of eggs laid per moth, number of eggs per gram, practical hatching rate, weight of 1 000 cocoons, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell rate, cocooning rate from hatching, dead cocoon rate, and cocoon yield per kg eggs. The results showed that cocooning rate from hatching, dead cocoon rate and cocoon yield per kg eggs had abundant genetic variations, whose variation coefficients were 23.45%, 46.37% and 26.46%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that 10 characteristics had a certain correlation and informa-tion overlap, because 26 correlation coefficients between these characteristics were significant or extremely significant correlated. According to path analysis, direct path coefficient of 8 characteristics to cocoon yield per kg eggs was lined in descending order as follows: cocooning rate from hatching, cocoon weight, cocoon shell rate, weight of 1 000 cocoons, number of eggs per gram, practical hatching rate, dead cocoon rate and cocoon shell weight. Principal component analysis showed that the first 4 principal components represented 87% information of 10 characteristics of 39 tussah varieties, and their contribution rates were 48.07%,16.48%, 13.99% and 8.46%, respectively. Then, 39 tussah varieties were sequenced according to their comprehensive scores, and 4 varieties including Duosi 4, Feng, Liaozuo 1 and 8712 were considered to have excellent characteristics, while Luhong, Xiaobaican, Qingpi and Jiaolan had poor characteristics.