直升机救援案例流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of helicopter rescue cases

目的对华东地区某团队(H队)直升机救援案例的流行病学特征进行分析,为优化直升机紧急医疗服务提供依据。方法以2018年1月—2019年12月直升机救援案例为研究对象,对直升机救援的基本概况、疾病谱、接警报后起飞时间等资料进行描述性分析。结果纳入统计的直升机救援案例共308例,执行264例,取消44例。92.06%的患者被救回后由救护车二次转运至就近医院。创伤性疾病患者共131人次(65.5%),主要为四肢骨或关节损伤(50.38%)、颅脑损伤(19.08%)、胸背部损伤(9.16%)等。非创伤性疾病患者69人次(34.5%),主要包括呼吸、心血管等系统的急重症。无延误情况下,接警报后起飞时间平均为(27.99±5.58)min;延误情况下,平均为(68.75±30.51)min。结论H队处于HEMS的初级阶段,仅对相关疾病实施海上救援,机组缺乏医护人员和医疗抢救设备配备。对救治时间紧迫的危重患者,建议直接转运至配有停机坪的基地医院,建立无缝式救援链;需联合多领域、多学科共同建设全面的救援体系及救援网络。

Objective To provide evidence for optimizing helicopter emergency medical service(HEMS)by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of helicopter rescue cases in a helicopter rescue team of east China(H team).Meth⁃ods The helicopter research and rescue cases of H team between January 2018 and December 2019 were taken as the research object.To describe and analyze the basic situation of helicopter rescue,disease types and the time from receiving the mission to taking off.Results A total of 308 helicopter research and rescue cases were concluded,of which 264 cases were performed and 44 cases were canceled.92.06%patients were secondary transported to the nearby hospitals via ambulances after taken back to the airport.There were 131 cases(65.5%)of patients with traumatic diseases,mainly including injuries to the bones or joints of the limbs(50.38%),craniocerebral injury(19.08%),thoracodorsal injury(9.16%),etc.69 patients(34.5%)were attacked by non-traumatic diseases,including acute and severe diseases of respiratory,cardiovascular systems and so on.If without delay,the average take-off time after the warning was(27.99±5.58)minutes,whereas(68.75±30.51)minutes if delayed.Conclusion The helicopter rescue team of east China presents the early stage of HEMS,because they mainly provide maritime helicopter research and rescue for some kind of diseases.They are lacking in medical staff.For critical patients with time urgency,it is better to transfer them directly to a base hospital with parking apron so as to establish a seamless rescue chain.It is necessary to build a comprehensive rescue system and rescue network by combining multiple fields and disciplines.