山西大同东真武庙考

Study of the East Zhenwu Temple in Datong

“曹夫楼村”是今天山西省大同市郊区的一个地名,其名称来源于大同东郊真武庙内曹福祠。曹福祠因祭祀晚清著名戏剧《南天门》中救主冻毙而受封“南天门都土地”的义仆曹福而得名。后因曹福祠格外著名,逐渐指代整个东真武庙。曹福祠所附祀之真武庙,在明清时期又称“玄(元)都观”或“真武庙”,现有研究均未厘清真武庙与玄都观之形制及其建筑关系,曹福祠附祀真武庙之方位、时间,以及其与曹福楼之关系等问题。本文通过爬梳晚清民国报刊、游记等资料,将上述问题一一厘清。曹福祠的产生体现了戏曲与民间土地信仰之互动,具有独特的宗教意义、戏曲史价值、民俗价值。

Caofulou Village is the name of a place in the suburban areas of Datong.The name of the Caofulou Village comes from the Caofu Temple in the East Zhenwu Temple of Datong,which was established to worship Cao Fu,a loyal servant who was frozen to death as described in a famous drama,Nantianmen,in the late Qing Dynasty.Because the Caofu Temple was more famous than the East Zhenwu Temple,the former gradually replaced the latter later.However,The East Zhenwu Temple was also called Xuanduguan Temple or Zhenwu temple in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Caofu Temple reflects the interactions between traditional Chinese opera and folk beliefs in land,and has unique religious,dramatic and folk values.