论杜甫诗歌的一诗多赠

Du Fu’s Gift Poems with Multiple Recipients

杜甫作为一代诗圣,多有赠答之诗,其赠答诗中,存在一诗而寄赠多人的现象,此类赠别诗别具特色,含义丰富。从诗歌功能角度看,这类作品可分为送别赠友、筵席抒怀、劝勉慨叹、举荐人才四类,但与一般寄赠诗相比,每类功能作品中诗歌功能更为丰富、行文表达也更为多样;与只有单一寄赠对象的诗歌不同,此类作品中寄赠客体的作用可分为:传话者、旁观者、主脑者;在抒情方面,这类作品呈现出情感真挚自由、公共却又隐秘、有分寸感的特点。

As the saint of poetry,Du Fu wrote many poems as gifts giving to other people,and some poems are given to other people more than once.This kind of poems has unique characteristics and rich contents.From the perspective of their functions,such poems can be used as farewell gifts,feasts,exhortations and recommendation of talents.However,compared with ordinary gift-giving poems,these poems have richer functions and more diverse expression.Unlike the poems that have only one recipient,the recipients of these poems include translators,bystanders and masters.These poems manifest sincere and free emotions,and handle the relationship between publicly shared information and primacy appropriately.