黄门与禁省——汉代皇帝宫内居住区域考辨

Huangmen and Jinsheng:A Study on the Living Area of the Emperor within Imperial Palaces of the Han Dynasty

汉代宫中“黄门”可表示禁门、禁省及禁内官署或天子近侍的官员与宦者,其名称出现于武帝时期,与当时的历法与服色修订有关。西汉未央宫内禁省包括温室殿、清凉殿、白虎殿、玉堂殿等,东汉洛阳南宫禁省有玉堂、嘉德、章德诸殿,北宫禁省则有德阳、崇德、章德等殿,出入凭借门籍、符节和棨等身份证明。两汉禁省区域逐渐扩增,成为国家重大事务的讨论决策地点,发动政变者往往利用或夺取禁省。

In the Han Dynasty,the term Huangmen“Yellow Gate”,which was derived from the yellow lacquer with which the gates of the inner palace were covered,was used either to refer to forbidden palaces and/or imperial palace complex or to refer to the attendants,eunuchs or other officials living close to the emperor.This designation came into being during the reign of Emperor Wu,which was believed to be related to the revision of the calendar and the color of attire at the time.The Weiyang Palace complex in the Western Han Dynasty consisted of Wenshi Hall,Qingliang Hall,Baihu Hall,Yutang Hall,et cetera.During the Eastern Han Dynasty,the Southern Palace complex in Luoyang consisted of Yutang Hall,Jiade Hall,Zhangde Hall,and so on,while the Northern Palace complex consisted of Deyang Hall,Chongde Hall,Zhangde Hall,and so on.Access to these palace complexes was only available to those with proof of free entry permits,identity certificates or other authorization materials.During the Eastern and Western Han dynasties,the forbidden areas of the imperial court gradually expanded and eventually became the places for discussion,deliberation and decision-making on state affairs.Therefore,exploitation or seizure of the forbidden palace complex had become priority for past coup d’etat plotters.