改革开放四十年来的中古礼学和礼制研究

The Studies of Medieval Ritual Studies and System of Rites since the Reform and Opening-up

中国古代的礼是传统礼学、庙堂礼典、乡里礼秩的综合。改革开放四十年来,中古礼学和礼制研究成果丰硕。传统礼学中,中古从累积进阶发展到登峰造极的三礼义疏之学开始进入学者的研究视野;庙堂礼典则经历了因不同背景的政权或同时林立,或此起彼伏而造成的一次次重构,这重构在曲折反复、内容变异的同时,也在丰富乃至改写着中古吉凶军宾嘉五礼的内涵,这方面成果迭出,个案累积丰富;乡里礼秩在中晚唐首先出现,出现了最初的“礼制下移”趋势,私家庙制、敦煌书仪、乡饮酒礼等均是此脉络中不同侧面的构成点,改革开放以来研究稳步推进。

Rites in ancient China is a complex of traditional ritual studies,court etiquette,and township ritual order.There have been fruitful achievements in medieval ritual studies and system of rites since the Reform and Opening-up.In traditional ritual studies,commentaries and annotations to Ceremonial Etiquette,the Rites of the Zhou,and the Book of Rites which reached an extreme in medieval times began to come into view.The court etiquette experienced reconstruction again and again because regimes with different backgrounds coexisted or rose one after another,which enriched and even rewrote the contents of five rites while making inflection and variation.There have produced abundant fruits and case studies.Township ritual order first emerged in middle and late Tang with the tendency of“ceremonial system moving down”,in which private temple,letter formalities found in Dunhuang,and drinking ceremony are all important elements in this context,and studies in this field have been promoted steadily.