镇江市丹徒区羊血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

Surveillance results of epidemic situation of goat schistosomiasis in Dantu district,Zhenjiang city

目的掌握镇江市丹徒区沿江地区羊血吸虫病疫情情况,为制定羊血吸虫病防治策略提供科学依据。方法2009—2019年每年对沿江地区羊血吸虫病病情、江滩环境羊粪、羊敞放区域水体感染性、居民病情、螺情和防治措施等开展纵向观察并进行分析。结果2009—2019年在沿江地区共检查羊12076只,查出粪检阳性羊57只,感染率为0.47%;粪检阳性羊感染强度高,“+++”和“++++”共查出46只,占阳性总数的80.70%。江滩环境羊粪占总野粪数的96.30%,阳性率为9.10%,其他野粪未查出阳性。沿江高危水域监测发现2009—2011年有6处哨鼠阳性。共对居民开展血清学查病124009人次,查出粪检阳性3人,居民血吸虫病感染率为0.003%。累计查出江滩钉螺面积1066.40 hm^2,2009年查出阳性钉螺13.56 hm^2。采取淘汰粪检阳性羊、羊圈养、以禽代羊、人畜化疗、灭螺和灭蚴和健康教育等综合性防治措施后,2009年之后未再查出感染性钉螺、2011年之后未再监测到阳性水体和粪检阳性病人、2012年之后连续7年未再查出粪检阳性羊和阳性羊野粪。结论监测区内羊血吸虫病疫情已经得到有效控制,但沿江江滩仍然存在大面积的钉螺和敞放羊的羊粪,羊血吸虫病的综合防控和监测工作需进一步加强。

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of goat schistosomiasis in the area of the Yangtze River in Dantu district, Zhenjiang city so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategy of goat schistosomiasis. Methods We annually conducted longitudinal observations on the state of goat schistosomiasis, goat feces in marshland environments, water body infectivity in the open goat pasture, schistosomiasis status of residents, Oncomelania hupensis(O. hupensis) status, and prevention and control measures in the area of the Yangtze River from 2009 to 2019, and then analyzed the results. Results A total of 12,076 goats in the area of the Yangtze River in 2009-2019 were tested, and feces samples of 57 goats were found to be positive, with the Schistosoma japonicum(S. japonicum) infection rate of 0.47%. 46 goats with high infection intensities("+++" or "++++") were detected among the goats positive for feces test, accounting for 80.70% of the total. The proportion of goat feces in the marshland environments accounted for 96.30% of the total wild feces, with the positive rate of goat feces tests being 9.10%, but other wild feces were negative. Surveillance of high-risk water area of the Yangtze River revealed that there were 6 sites with positive sentinel mice during 2009-2011. Serological screening tests for schistosomiasis were performed in the residents, reaching 124,009 person-times, and 3 residents were positive for feces test, with the S. japonicum infection rate of 0.003%. The accumulated area with O. hupensis snails in the marshland was 1,066.40 hm2, and the area with S. japonicum-infected snails in 2009 was 13.56 hm2. After implementing comprehensive prevention and control measures like weeding out the S. japonicum-infected goats, rearing goats in pens, replacing goats with birds, chemotherapy for patients and livestock, snail and larvae control, and health education, no S. japonicum-infected snails were detected since 2009, no body water positive for S. japonicum and patients positive for feces test were found since 2011, and no goats and wild feces positive for feces test were detected for seven consecutive years since 2012. Conclusions The epidemic situation of goat schistosomiasis in the monitored area of the Yangtze River in Dantu district has been effectively controlled, but there is still a large area with O. hupensis snails and wild feces from open grazing goats in the marshland of the Yangtze River. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control measures for goat schistosomiasis and surveillance should be strengthened.