小麦族的基因组显性及其育种学意义

Genome dominance and the breeding significance in Triticeae

小麦族包含大量由不同基因组组成的异源多倍体物种。同一个异源多倍体物种的不同基因组可能对表型性状产生非对称性贡献,例如小麦属多倍体物种的形态分类特性,更像其A基因组供体物种,这种现象称为A基因组显性。由于基因组显性,小麦族形成了以A、D、U、St为轴心(显性)基因组的异源多倍体物种簇。异源多倍体物种的基因组显性可能与其进化适应优势的形成有关。在育种方面,基因组显性影响多倍体新作物开发及小麦-外源染色体易位设计。

Triticeae tribe houses a number of allopolyploid species that harbor combinations of various genomes.The different genomes of an allopolyploid may have asymmetric contributions to morphological traits.For instance,the taxon traits of allopolyploids within genus Triticum is highly like those from the donor species of A-genome,termed this phenomenon as A-genome dominance.Because of genome dominance,the allopolyploids of Triticeae are grouped into different species clusters with A,D,U,or St as the pivotal(dominant)genome.Genome dominance may confer the advantages in evolution and adaptation.In breeding,it is an important factor to influence the development of novel allopolyploid crops and the design of wheat-alien chromosome translocations.