肉鸡屠体脂肪含量间接选择方法及其效果评估

Indirect selection method of fat content in broiler carcass and its effect evaluation

研究以东北农业大学肉鸡高、低腹脂双向选择品系第18世代、第22世代和第23世代鸡为试验材料,测定其腹脂性状、饲料转化效率性状和屠体脂肪含量,比较分析高、低脂系鸡腹脂性状、饲料转化效率性状和屠体脂肪含量差异,评估上述测定性状遗传参数。两系间性状差异比较结果表明,高脂系肉鸡腹脂重(AFW)、腹脂率(AFP)、饲料转化率(FCR)、剩余采食量(RFI)、屠体干物质含量(DMPC)、屠体干物质中脂肪含量(FPDM)和屠体鲜样中脂肪含量(FPWC)极显著高于低脂系肉鸡(P<0.01);遗传参数估计结果表明,AFW和AFP为中等遗传力(h^2=0.30,0.35)性状;FCR和RFI为高遗传力(h^2=0.41,0.43)性状;DMPC、FPDM和FPWC为高遗传力(0.48≤h2≤0.64)性状;腹脂性状与饲料转化效率性状呈较高程度正遗传相关(0.52≤rg≤0.62);腹脂性状与屠体脂肪含量呈中等偏高程度正遗传相关(0.28≤rg≤0.47);饲料转化效率性状与屠体脂肪含量呈较高程度正遗传相关(0.38≤rg≤0.78)。通过肉鸡腹脂性状或饲料转化效率性状选择可有效降低肉鸡屠体脂肪含量;饲料转化效率性状包括FCR和RFI,从遗传参数估计结果看,RFI间接选择肉鸡屠体脂肪含量效果更好。研究为肉鸡屠体脂肪含量间接选择提供理论依据。

In order to determine abdominal fat traits,feed efficiency traits and fat content of carcass,the individuals from the 18th,the 22nd,and the 23rd generation populations of Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content(NEAUHLF)were used in the present study.The abdominal fat traits,feed efficiency traits and fat content of carcass were compared between fat and lean line broilers.And the genetic parameters of abdominal fat traits,feed efficiency traits,and fat content of carcass of fat and lean broilers lines were estimated.The results showed that abdominal fat weight(AFW),abdominal fat percentage(AFP),feed conversion ratio(FCR),residual feed intake(RFI),dry matter percentage in the carcass(DMPC),fat percentage in dry matter(FPDM),and fat percentage in wet carcass(FPWC)of the fat line broilers were significantly higher than those of the lean line broilers(P<0.01).The heritability of AFW and AFP were moderate(h^2=0.30,0.35),the heritability of FCR and RFI were high(h^2=0.41,0.43),and DMPC,FPDM and FPWC showed a high heritability(0.48≤h2≤0.64).Furthermore,it was found that abdominal fat traits also showed a highly positive genetic correlation with feed efficiency traits(0.52≤rg≤0.62),abdominal fat traits had a moderately positive genetic correlation with fat content of carcass(0.28≤rg≤0.47),and feed efficiency traits showed a highly positive genetic correlation with fat content of carcass(0.38≤rg≤0.78).These results indicated that both selection for the abdominal fat traits and feed efficiency traits could reduce effectively carcass total fat contents in broilers.For feed efficiency traits(FCR and RFI),compared with FCR,RFI was more suitable indirect selection index for the selection of fat content of broiler carcass.The research will provide a theoretical basis for the selection method of fat content of carcass.