人工骨膜的材料选择、理论设计及生物仿生功能

Material selection,theoretical design and biomimetic function of artificial periosteum

背景:骨膜作为祖细胞和生长因子的存储部位及募集性支架,在骨组织供血和骨的形成再生中起着重要的作用,因此研制一种结构和功能上都能模拟天然骨膜的人工骨膜材料逐渐成为近年来的研究热点。目的:综述目前人工骨膜材料的研究进展及其在临床治疗中的应用前景。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库截止至2020年2月发表的相关文献,检索词为"periosteum,tissue engineering,artificial,regeneration,repair"。结果与结论:人工骨膜通过支架、细胞、因子3大要素模拟天然骨膜的结构和功能,为骨膜组织修复及骨再生的临床治疗提供了一种新的可能。目前人工骨膜主要可分为细胞片层类骨膜材料、脱细胞支架类骨膜材料及人工合成支架类骨膜材料。细胞片层类人工骨膜材料制备较简单,是较早投入临床使用的组织工程骨膜材料;脱细胞支架类人工骨膜可最大限度地保留其天然结构或成分;人工合成支架的材料来源丰富且便利,同时具有较低的免疫反排斥应发生率。这些人工骨膜材料均展现出良好的促骨修复效果。然而,目前对于人工骨膜结构和功能的仿生研究还处于起步阶段,在材料选择、理论设计等方面仍需进一步提高,以使其在生物仿生功能方面更加成熟。

BACKGROUND:Periosteum,as the storage site and recruitment scaffold of progenitor cells and growth factors,plays an important role in the blood supply of bone tissue and the formation and regeneration of bone.Thus,it has become a research hotspot in recent years to develop an artificial periosteum material which can simulate natural periosteum both in structure and function.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of artificial periosteum material and its application in clinical treatment.METHODS:The relevant documents published by PubMed database up to February 2020 were searched by computer with the search term of“periodium,tissue engineering,artificial,regeneration,repair”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The artificial periosteum simulates the structure and function of natural periosteum through three elements: scaffolds, cells andfactors, which provide a new possibility for the clinical treatment of periosteal tissue repair and bone regeneration. At present, the artificial periosteum can bedivided into cell-sheet periosteum material, acellular-scaffold periosteum material and artificially synthetic scaffold periosteum material. Cell-sheet artificialperiosteum is relatively simple to prepare and is a kind of tissue engineering periosteum material which has been put into clinical use earlier. Acellular-scaffoldartificial periosteum can keep its natural structure or element to the greatest extent. The material of artificially synthetic scaffold is rich and convenient, andhas a low incidence of anti-rejection. These materials all showed good osteogenic effect. However, at present, the bionic research on the structure and functionof artificial periosteum is still in its infancy, and further improvement is still needed in material selection, theoretical design and other aspects, so as to make itmore mature in biological bionic function.