胶原/无机材料构建组织工程骨的特点及制造技术

Characteristics and manufacturing techniques of collagen/inorganic materials for constructing tissueengineered bone

背景:目前临床上治疗骨缺损的标准方法为自体骨移植,但是自体骨来源受限且会造成新的创伤和缺损,因此开发符合人体工程学的组织工程骨成为骨缺损修复的趋势。目的:总结归纳了胶原/无机材料构建组织工程骨的特点及制造技术。方法:以"胶原;无机材料;组织工程骨;骨修复;支架几何结构"等为中文关键词,以"collagen;inorganic materials;tissueengineered bone;bone repair;geometry of bone scaffold"等为英文关键词,检索2000年1月至2020年1月收录在PubMed、Web of Science和2010至2020年中国知网数据库中关于胶原/无机材料复合支架应用研究的文献。结果与结论:应用仿生原理,采用胶原复合无机材料模拟天然骨的成分、结构及特性来构建组织工程骨,是骨移植材料研究领域的重要方向。胶原为支架材料提供细胞外基质微环境,促进细胞在支架上的迁移、黏附及增殖,且加速支架在体内的降解,使复合支架具有良好的生物相容性和骨诱导性。选择合适的制造技术改变胶原/无机材料支架的几何结构,达到最佳的三维多孔纳米级结构,可促进细胞的黏附与增殖,增强胶原/无机材料支架的骨再生能力。同时对胶原/无机材料支架进行表面修饰和改性,将具有成骨或成血管潜能的干细胞、生物因子及聚合物复合到胶原/无机材料支架上,改善胶原/无机材料支架的机械性能差、结构稳定性不足、骨再生能力有限等缺点,为组织工程骨移植材料的选择提供良好的思路。

BACKGROUND:At present,the standard method for clinical treatment of bone defects is autologous bone transplantation.However,the source of autologous bone is limited and it can cause new trauma and defects.Therefore,the development of ergonomic tissue-engineered bone has become the trend of repairing bone defects.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the characteristics and manufacturing techniques of collagen/inorganic materials to construct tissue-engineered bone.METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science(January 2000–January 2020)and CNKI(2010–2020)databases were used online to retrieve the relative articles regarding the application of collagen/inorganic composite scaffold.The key words were“collagen;inorganic materials;tissue-engineered bone;bone repair;geometry of bone scaffold”in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Applying the principle of bionics,collagen composite inorganic materials were used to construct tissue-engineered bones by simulating the composition,structure,and characteristics of natural bones,which is an important direction in the field of bone graft materials.Collagen provides the extracellular matrix effect of the scaffold material,and promotes the migration,adhesion,and proliferation of cells on the scaffold,and accelerates the degradation of the scaffold in the body,and makes the composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and osteoinductivity.Choosing a suitable manufacturing technology to change the geometry of the collagen/inorganic material scaffold,and achieving the best three-dimensional porous nanoscale structure can promote cell adhesion and proliferation,and enhance the bone regeneration capacity of collagen/inorganic material scaffolds.Simultaneously,the surface of collagen/inorganic scaffolds is modified.Stem cells,biological factors,and polymers with osteogenic or angiogenic potential were compounded onto collagen/inorganic material scaffolds,which will improve the poor mechanical properties,insufficient structural stability,and limited bone regeneration capacity of collagen/inorganic material scaffolds.This provides a good idea for the option of tissue-engineered bone graft materials.