组织工程支架材料修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损

Tissue engineering scaffolds in repairing oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects

背景:近年来越来越多的支架材料被应用于软组织缺损修复,而软组织缺损的临床修复效果与材料来源和性能紧密相关。目的:综述口腔颌面部软组织缺损修复领域中不同生物支架的制备和应用研究进展。方法:检索PubMed、Medline数据库1966至2019年收录的文献,英文关键词为"Materials;Scaffold;Biological scaffold;Soft tissue;Coloboma;Tissue engineering;review";检索中国期刊全文数据库、中国科学引文数据库2003至2019年收录的文献,中文关键词为"材料;支架;生物支架;软组织;缺损;组织工程;综述"。结果与结论:天然生物支架材料直接来源于生物体,生物相容性好,可释放细胞活性因子,促进细胞黏附增殖和分化,与性能可控的合成高分子材料结合后具有优越的生物学性能,是口腔颌面部软组织缺损修复的理想支架材料。纳米材料相对于其他支架材料具有更高的生物活性,更能促进种子细胞的黏附和增殖,为细胞的生长提供理想的三维空间,但其应用目前主要体现在骨组织修复方面,在软组织修复应用中甚少。目前在口腔颌面部软组织修复中以天然生物支架材料研究较多,主要包括小肠黏膜下层、脱细胞真皮基质和脱细胞血管支架,而天然生物支架材料与合成高分子材料的结合,将是口腔颌面部软组织缺损修复材料中的一大研究趋势。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,more and more scaffold materials have been used to repair soft tissue defects,and the clinical repair effect of soft tissue defects is strongly associated with the source and performance of materials.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of preparation and application of different biological scaffolds in the field of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defect repair.METHODS:PubMed and Medline were searched for articles published from 1966 to 2019 with the English key words of“materials,scaffold,biological scaffold,soft tissue,coloboma,tissue engineering,review”.Chinese journal full-text database and Chinese science citation database were retrieved for articles published from 2003 to 2019 with key words of“material,scaffold,biological scaffold,soft tissue,defect,tissue engineering,review”.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Natural bio-scaffold materials are directly derived from organisms with pretty biocompatibility.Natural bio-scaffold materials can release cytoactive factors,promote cell adhesion,proliferation and differentiation,and can be combined with synthetic polymer materials with controllable properties to form composite scaffolds,which is an ideal scaffold material for repairing soft tissue defects of oral and maxillofacial regions.Nanomaterials have higher biological activity than other scaffold materials and can promote the adhesion and proliferation of seed cells,providing ideal three-dimensional space for cell growth,but their applications are currently mainly reflected in bone tissue repair,and the applications in soft tissue repair are very few.At present,there are many researches on natural biological scaffold materials in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue repair,mainly including small intestinal submucosa,acellular dermal matrix and acellular vascular scaffolds.The combination of natural biological scaffold materials and synthetic polymer materials will be a major research trend in materials for repairing oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects.