以“课”为旗——“东北作家”李辉英的抗日叙事(1931—1937)

Under the Banner of Lessons——A Study of the Anti-Japanese Narrative(1931-1937)of Northeast Writer Li Huiying

李辉英是1930年代"东北作家群"中一个独特的存在,而研究者大多将其视作一位先声夺人但却终附骥尾的作家,这既未能揭示其文学特质,也遮蔽了彼时抗日叙事的多重面向。通过考察其《最后一课》的叙事特征与建构过程,可见与萧军、萧红等流亡来沪的东北作家不同,李辉英在上海完成思想启蒙、学术训练与文学准备,并在以丁玲为代表的左翼作家引领下实现文学转向,可谓"东北作家群"中的"内部他者"。发轫于《最后一课》,继之以《地理课》《半天的功课》《这样的地方》《女学校中》《校长》《某校记事》等文本,在李辉英笔下形成了一个"课程"小说的谱系。对此作品的文本细读与知识考古表明,作家揭示了国人经由国民教育而形成的集体记忆与国家认同,进而以此作为问题框架和思想链条,不断调试抗日叙事的姿态,深入思考在东北沦陷区反抗日本侵略者思想殖民、捍卫国家认同的复杂性与艰巨性。这一以"课"为旗的斗争方式,体现了李辉英在回应时代召唤、担当社会责任、开展文学行动时的独特选择。

Li Huiying was a unique writer in the Northeast Writers Group in the 1930 s,who was ever regarded as one of the pioneers of northeast literature but was later ignored by most of the literary critics and researchers.The literary evaluation on Li Huiying’s writings in previous studies,has not only failed to reveal the literary characteristics of Li Huiying’s works,but also obscured the multiple aspects of the anti-Japanese narrative at that time.By exploring the narrative characteristics and construction process of The Last Lesson written by Li Huiying,it could be seen that different from Xiao Jun,Xiao Hong and other northeastern writers who came to Shanghai in exile,Li Huiying completed ideological enlightenment,academic training and literary preparation in Shanghai,and successfully achieved the literary turn under the guidance of Ding Ling who was one of the representatives of the left-wing literature,therefore he could be described as the internal other in the Northeast Writers Group.Not only that,it originated in The Last Lesson,followed by Geography Lesson,Half Day Homework,Such a Place,In Girls School,Female Principal,A Story of School and so on,formed a pedigree of a lesson novels in Li Huiying’s writings.With the careful reading and the knowledge archaeology of these texts,it could be found that how Li Huiying’s writings revealed the collective memory and the national identity formed by the Chinese through national education,and how he used this as a problem framework to continuously adjust the attitude of the antiJapanese narrative,and how he thought deeply of the complexity and arduousness of the resistance to the ideological colonization of Japanese invaders and the task of defending the national identity in the Northeast occupied area.