不同栽培模式对马铃薯农田土壤温度、生物性状及产量的影响

Effects of different cultivation patterns on field soil temperature,biological traits and yield in potato

为探究不同栽培模式对马铃薯农田土壤温度、生物性状及产量的影响,采用覆膜、添加秸秆、添加秸秆再覆膜不同种植模式,以普通种植方式为对照,进行了研究。研究结果表明,在马铃薯生育前期,土壤平均温度差异为:添加秸秆再覆膜处理>覆膜栽培处理>添加秸秆处理>普通种植(CK);添加秸秆再覆膜处理的株高、茎粗显著高于其他处理,其中株高较其他处理增加了1.9%~39.6%,茎粗较其他处理增加了13.7%~22.6%;添加秸秆再覆膜处理产量达到44022 kg·hm^-2,比对照(21091 kg·hm^-2)增产109%;覆膜处理产量39490 kg·hm^-2,比对照增产87.2%;添加秸秆处理产量为22211 kg·hm^-2,比对照增产5.3%。因此,添加秸秆再覆膜的处理能显著提高马铃薯田间土壤温度、增强植株长势、增加产量。

In order to understand the effects of different cultivation patterns on field temperature,biological traits and yield of potato in Tibet Plateau,we conducted a field experiment including following treatments:film mulching,adding straw,straw plus film mulching,and conventional planting as the control.The results showed that,in the early stages of potato growth,the average soil temperature was in an order of straw plus film mulching>film mulching>adding straw>CK.The plant height and stem thickness in treatment 3 were significantly greater than those of other treatments,increasing by 1.9%~39.6%and 13.7%~22.6%,respectively.The yield of treatment 3,treatment 1 and treatment 2 reached 44022 kg·hm^-2,39490 kg·hm^-2,and 22211 kg·hm^-2,which was 109%,87.2%and 5.3%higher,than that of CK(21091 kg·hm^-2).Therefore,adding straw and film mulching cultivation pattern would significantly improve the soil temperature,plant growth and yield of potato.